Table 7.
Urinalysis values for male and female rats administered N. crassa biomass via gavage twice daily for 13 weeks.
| Parameters measured | XX dose group (mg/kg) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | |||||||
| 0 (control) (n = 10) | 1,000 (n = 10) | 2,500 (n = 8) | 5,000 (n = 8) | 0 (control) (n = 7) | 1,000 (n = 9) | 2,500 (n = 9) | 5,000 (n = 9) | |
| Volume (mL) | 1.15 ± 0.97 | 1.40 ± 0.81 | 1.31 ± 0.75 | 4.00 ± 4.43* | 1.50 ± 0.87 | 0.78 ± 0.51 | 0.83 ± 0.50 | 1.50 ± 1.17 |
| pH | 5.60 ± 0.61 | 5.30 ± 0.54 | 5.19 ± 0.26 | 5.81 ± 0.37 | 5.50 ± 0.50 | 5.33 ± 0.66 | 5.33 ± 0.43 | 5.61 ± 0.49 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 6.0 ± 51.6 | 2.0 ± 42.2 | 12.5 ± 35.4 | 12.5 ± 35.4 | 14.3 ± 37.8 | 5.0 ± 86.6 | 22.2 ± 44.1 | 11.1 ± 33.3 |
| Ketone (mg/dL) | 4.0 ± 2.1 | 3.5 ± 2.4 | 1.3 ± 2.3** | 1.3 ± 2.3** | 2.9 ± 2.7 | 2.2 ± 5.1 | 1.7 ± 2.5 | 0.0 ± 0.0 |
| Protein (mg/dL) | 163.0 ± 122.6 | 183.0 ± 127.4 | 225.0 ± 103.5 | 121.9 ± 115.4 | 53.6 ± 43.8 | 98.9 ± 82.7 | 151.1 ± 115.3 | 125.6 ± 105.2 |
| Specific gravity | 1.0300 ± 0.0000 | 1.0300 ± 0.0000 | 1.0300 ± 0.0000 | 1.0294 ± 0.0018 | 1.0300 ± 0.0000 | 1.0300 ± 0.0000a | 1.0300 ± 0.0000a | 1.0300 ± 0.0000a |
| URO (EU/dL) | 0.84 ± 0.34 | 0.76 ± 0.39 | 0.80 ± 0.37 | 0.40 ± 0.37 | 0.54 ± 0.43 | 0.64 ± 0.42 | 0.64 ± 0.42 | 0.56 ± 0.42 |
ANOVA = analysis of variance; URO = urobilinogen.
Values represent the mean ± standard deviation.
*Statistically significant (P < 0.05) using ANOVA and Dunnett’s (log) 2-sided test.
* *Statistically significant (P < 0.05) using ANOVA and Dunnett’s (rank) 2-sided test.
aInappropriate for statistical analysis.