TABLE 4.
Distribution of VAS scores and utility index among older people (Mean ± SD).
| Variables | Rural areas |
Urban areas |
|||
| VAS | Utility | VAS | Utility | ||
| Gender | Male | 75.14 ± 14.39 | 0.929 ± 0.099 | 80.63 ± 13.77 | 0.953 ± 0.088 |
| Female | 72.97 ± 15.69 | 0.917 ± 0.107 | 77.19 ± 14.91 | 0.938 ± 0.103 | |
| T | 3.845 | 2.826 | 5.203 | 3.355 | |
| P | <0.001 | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |
| Age (years) | 60–64 | 75.49 ± 15.02 | 0.947 ± 0.081 | 81.13 ± 14.66 | 0.963 ± 0.067 |
| 65–69 | 75.92 ± 14.84 | 0.939 ± 0.091 | 79.21 ± 14.60 | 0.949 ± 0.101 | |
| 70–74 | 74.51 ± 13.81 | 0.922 ± 0.105 | 78.48 ± 13.92 | 0.947 ± 0.101 | |
| 75–79 | 73.21 ± 13.89 | 0.915 ± 0.102 | 78.75 ± 13.12 | 0.945 ± 0.090 | |
| ≥80 | 69.46 ± 17.10 | 0873 ± 0.129 | 76.93 ± 15.30 | 0.923 ± 0.105 | |
| F | 16.122 | 43.330 | 3.931 | 7.820 | |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | |
| Marital status | Married | 76.32 ± 14.36 | 0.936 ± 0.099 | 80.79 ± 13.66 | 0.955 ± 0.091 |
| Not married | 70.73 ± 15.52 | 0.903 ± 0.108 | 74.91 ± 15.25 | 0.925 ± 0.103 | |
| T | 9.869 | 8.109 | 8.046 | 5.908 | |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Family annual income per capita (RMB) | <1,500 | 71.51 ± 17.00 | 0.907 ± 0.115 | 73.54 ± 17.63 | 0.916 ± 0.132 |
| 1,500–3,000 | 74.12 ± 12.74 | 0.924 ± 0.086 | 75.46 ± 15.28 | 0.931 ± 0.101 | |
| 3,000–4,500 | 78.26 ± 10.66 | 0.951 ± 0.094 | 79.78 ± 12.71 | 0.952 ± 0.085 | |
| >4,500 | 81.43 ± 13.75 | 0.960 ± 0.090 | 82.41 ± 12.35 | 0.961 ± 0.071 | |
| F | 42.124 | 29.730 | 37.834 | 21.508 | |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Educational level | Illiterate | 71.57 ± 14.11 | 0.909 ± 0.107 | 75.59 ± 14.41 | 0.935 ± 0.082 |
| Elementary school | 74.87 ± 15.93 | 0.929 ± 0.098 | 79.82 ± 14.11 | 0.945 ± 0.109 | |
| Junior high school and above | 77.86 ± 14.73 | 0.942 ± 0.102 | 79.26 ± 14.48 | 0.948 ± 0.090 | |
| F | 38.622 | 22.655 | 7.800 | 1.751 | |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.174 | |
| Employment | Unemployed | 72.74 ± 16.21 | 0.911 ± 0.112 | 78.68 ± 14.69 | 0.943 ± 0.100 |
| Employed | 76.11 ± 12.82 | 0.943 ± 0.084 | 80.03 ± 13.41 | 0.956 ± 0.076 | |
| T | –6.142 | –8.795 | –1.646 | –2.577 | |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.010 | |
| Number of chronic diseases | 0 | 77.42 ± 14.57 | 0.945 ± 0.093 | 82.53 ± 12.57 | 0.962 ± 0.106 |
| 1 | 73.69 ± 14.34 | 0.924 ± 0.096 | 77.27 ± 14.86 | 0.940 ± 0.106 | |
| ≥2 | 68.46 ± 15.31 | 0.882 ± 0.117 | 72.78 ± 15.64 | 0.915 ± 0.103 | |
| F | 88.534 | 91.827 | 75.638 | 38.199 | |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Smoking | Never smoke | 74.21 ± 14.99 | 0.925 ± 0.104 | 79.44 ± 14.35 | 0.947 ± 0.097 |
| Used to smoke | 74.54 ± 15.37 | 0.921 ± 0.100 | 78.37 ± 15.04 | 0.951 ± 0.099 | |
| Smoking | 73.40 ± 15.27 | 0.922 ± 0.104 | 77.19 ± 14.27 | 0.935 ± 0.090 | |
| F | 0.927 | 1.636 | 3.243 | 2.349 | |
| P | 0.396 | 0.195 | 0.039 | 0.096 | |
| Drinking | Never drink | 73.63 ± 15.12 | 0.921 ± 0.106 | 77.45 ± 15.02 | 0.942 ± 0.095 |
| Used to drink | 71.23 ± 14.81 | 0.897 ± 0.125 | 81.53 ± 11.82 | 0.955 ± 0.061 | |
| Drinking | 75.23 ± 14.81 | 0.929 ± 0.095 | 80.81 ± 13.94 | 0.950 ± 0.103 | |
| F | 7.412 | 8.599 | 13.926 | 2.495 | |
| P | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.083 | |
| Regular exercise | No | 69.92 ± 13.84 | 0.906 ± 0.102 | 68.37 ± 17.64 | 0.871 ± 0.155 |
| Yes | 76.18 ± 15.26 | 0.931 ± 0.104 | 80.21 ± 13.42 | 0.955 ± 0.082 | |
| T | –11.020 | –5.975 | –9.164 | –7.448 | |
| P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |