FIGURE 3.

Schematic overview of signalling mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte adhesion. Adrenergic agonists like the combination of forskolin and rolipram, and isoprenaline acts via PKA‐dependent PG phosphorylation at S665 leading to enhanced translocation of DSG2 to the desmosomes or area composita of the ICD and thereby increases cardiomyocyte adhesion. On the other hand, adrenergic agonists, PKC activation by PMA, p38MAPK inhibition by SB202190 and digitoxin enhanced cardiomyocyte adhesion, in an ERK1/2‐dependent manner through alterations in the interactions of the desmosomal proteins PG, PKP2 and DP that eventually lead to increased DSG2 translocation to the cell borders. Schematic was created with BioRender.Com