Table 4. Porphyrin-Based Nanocomposite Systems Used for Cancer Therapy.

nanocomposites (NCs)	PS	laser parameter	size (nm)	zeta potential (mV)	cancer cell line	application	ref
O2@PFOB@PGL NPs perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB), porphyrin grafted lipid (PGL)	porphyrin	650 nm laser irradiation (200 mW/cm2)	33 ± 2.1 nm	–18.12 ± 0.61 mV	HT-29 cells	colon cancer (PDT)	(243)
CM-MMNPs (MnO2 nanosheet-coated metal–organic framework core and cancer cell membrane shell)	porphyrin	409 nm laser (1.5 W/cm2)	59.04 ± 1.09 nm	5.28 ± 0.06 mV	HeLa cells and HepG2 cells	Henrietta’s cancer (PDT)	(244)
porphyrin-containing metalla-assemblies	porphyrin	638 nm, 0.5 W/cm2	30–90 nm	–46 to –5.4 mV	4T1 cells	breast cancer (PDT)	(245)
tumor microenvironment-responsive Fe(III)–porphyrin nanotheranostics	porphyrin	635 nm, (100 mW/cm2)	90–160 nm	–14 to –9.85 mV	4T1 cells	breast cancer (PDT)	(246)
fluorinated porphyrin as oxygen nanoshuttles	porphyrin	660 nm, (100 mW/cm2 and 785, 1 W/cm2)	∼40 nm	not defined	4T1 cells	breast cancer (PDT)	(247)
lipid NPs	verteporfin	690 nm (200/J cm2)	47.9 ± 1.0 nm	–3.7 ± 0.9 mV	SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3	ovarian cancer	(248)
core–shell poly methyl methacrylate NPs	nonsymmetrical diaryl-porphyrin	640, 35 mW/cm2	>100 nm	42.11 mV and 60.95 mV	SKOV-3	ovarian cancer	(249)
FKR560 dye-containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs	benzoporphyrin derivative	690 nm, (100 mW/cm2)	≈80 nm	–3.6 to –4.2 mV	OVCAR-5	ovarian cancer	(250)
nonporous silica core and a mesoporous silica shell	hematoporphyrin	633 nm	≈57 nm	not defined	HO-8910 PM cell	ovarian cancer	(251)