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. 2022 Dec 22;21(3):629–638. doi: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.033

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Coagulation activity in COVID-19 plasma. (A) Patient characteristics. (B) Highest plasma level of D-dimer achieved over the course of disease for each patient versus outcomes. Healthy controls (n = 24); Alive (n = 66): Deceased (n = 42). (C) COVID-19 patients’ anticoagulant treatments versus plasma TFPIα levels. TFPIα levels for multiple samples from healthy controls (n = 12), and for COVID-19 patients on no anticoagulant (n = 6), an oral Xa inhibitor (n = 11), enoxaparin SQ (n = 72), heparin SQ (n = 54), or heparin IV (n = 58). (D) Extracellular vesicle CD63 levels for control and COVID-19 samples. (E–G) Extracellular vesicle tissue factor activity assays. (E) Total, (F) nonspecific, and (G) tissue factor-specific activity for healthy controls (n = 23) and COVID-19 patient samples from alive (n = 151 samples from 66 survivors) and deceased (n = 60 samples from 42 deceased) patients. (H) COVID-19 extracellular vesicles increase thrombin generation. Mann–Whitney test P values for COVID-19 vs controls as indicated in Figure 1.