Table 2.
Symptoms of anxiety, depression, fatigue, and insomnia among patients with and without self-reported chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). Observed data in each group is presented as number and percent or mean and standard deviation (SD), comparison between groups with mean difference, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value
|
Patients with CMP (n = 517) |
Patients without CMP (n = 452) |
Comparison between groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | Diff | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Anxiety, mean ± SD | 5.4 ± 3.9 | 3.7 ± 3.0 | -1.8 | -2.2, -1.3 | ˂0.01 |
| No anxiety | 350 (72.0) | 368 (88.7) | |||
| Borderline anxiety | 76 (15.6) | 33 (8.0) | |||
| Clinical anxiety | 60 (12.3) | 14 (3.4) | |||
| Missing | 31 | 37 | |||
| Depression, mean ± SD | 3.4 ± 3.3 | 2.0 ± 2.5 | -1.4 | -1.8, -1.1 | ˂0.01 |
| No depression | 432 (88.7) | 407 (95.3) | |||
| Borderline depression | 30 (6.2) | 17 (4.0) | |||
| Clinical depression | 25 (5.1) | 3 (0.7) | |||
| Missing | 30 (5.8) | 25 (5.5) | |||
| Fatigue | |||||
| Total score, mean ± SD | 14.2 ± 4.9 | 11.2 ± 4.2 | -3.0 | -3.6, -2.4 | ˂0.01 |
| Missing | 48 (9.3) | 40 (8.8) | |||
| Physical fatigue sub-score, mean ± SD | 9.7 ± 3.7 | 7.3 ± 3.1 | -2.4 | -2.8, -2.0 | ˂0.01 |
| Missing | 31 (4.9) | 26 (5.6) | |||
| Mental fatigue sub-score, mean ± SD | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 3.9 ± 1.5 | -0.6 | -0.9, -0.4 | ˂0.01 |
| Missing | 33 (6.4) | 27 (6.0) | |||
| Insomnia | |||||
| Total score, mean ± SD | 8.1 ± 6.1 | 4.4 ± 4.3 | -3.8 | -4.5, -3.1 | ˂0.01 |
| No clinical insomnia | 261 (54.8) | 328 (78.3) | |||
| Sub-threshold insomnia | 137 (28.8) | 82 (19.6) | |||
| Moderate/severe clinical insomnia | 78 (16.4) | 9 (2.1) | |||
| Missing | 41 (7.9) | 33 (7.3) | |||
Statistics: Independent sample T-test for continuous variables, Fishers Exact Test for categorical variables, Pearsons Chi-squared test for dichotomous variables, and Mann–Whitney U-test for ordinal variables
Abbreviations: SD Standard Deviation, CI Confidence Interval