Table 3.
Characteristics of the included studies evaluating bacterial infiltration
| Author (Year) |
Sample size (N) |
Groups | Rotary system/ Apical size |
Filling material/ Obturation technique | Bacteria type | PSP technique | Measurement | Time of immediate PSP | Time of delayed PSP | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sharma et al. (2020) [68] |
32 | GA: CLC, imm/ GB:MTA plug,imm/ GC:4mm MTA plug, delay |
K-file/ #40 |
GP/ MTA plug | N.r. | N.r. | bacterial leakage test | Immediately | N.r. |
Immediate – delay GA> GB – GC GP > MTA plug |
|
Reyhani et al. (2015) [69] |
76 | G1: AH Plus, imm/ G2: AH Plus, 1W/ G3: MTA Fillapex, imm/ G4: MTA Fillapex, 1W | Race rotary files/ #25, 6% |
GP/ MTA Fillapex , AH Plus sealer/ LC |
E.F/ 90 days |
Peeso reamer #3 | bacterial microleakage system; number of samples with leakage during study | Immediately | 7 days |
Immediate - delay MTA Fillapex - AH Plus |
|
Nikhil et al. (2011) [66] |
90 | G1ax: AH 26, imm, 5mm GP/ G1ay: AH 26, imm ,4mm GP+1mm GIC/ G1bx: AH 26, 1W, 5mm GP/ G1by: AH 26, 1W, 4mm GP+1mm GIC/ G2ax: Resilon+Epiphany, imm, 5mm resilon/ G2ay: Resilon+Epiphany, imm, 1mm GIC/ G2bx: Resilon+Epiphany, 1W, 5mm resilon/ G2by: Resilon+Epiphany, 1W, 4mm GP+1mm GIC |
K-file/ #40 |
GP/AH26 , Resilon/Epiphan/ LC | Staphylococcus species/ 90 days | heated pluggers | bacterial microleakage test | Immediately | 7 days | Delay > immediate |
|
Jalalzadeh et al. (2010) [67] |
86 | GA: imm, AH26/ GB: imm, ZOE/ GC: 1W, AH26/ GD: 1W, ZOE |
K-file/ #35 |
GP/ AH26, ZOE sealer/ LC | Staphylococcus epidermidis/ 70 days | Peeso reamer #3 | bacterial microleakage test | Immediately | 7 days |
Immediate - delay ZOE: Immediate - delay AH26: Delay > immediate ZOE – AH26 |
|
Zmener et al. (2010) [19] |
48 | G1: EndoREZ (A_), 22min / G2: EndoREZ (A+), 8 min / G3: EndoREZ (A_), 1 W / G4: EndoREZ (A+),1 W |
K-file/ #40 |
GP/ EndoREZ sealer with or without accelerator / LC |
E.F/ 60 days |
Gates Glidden #2-5/ Para Post System drill #5, 5.5, 6 |
Dual-chamber microbial leakage model; % teeth without coronal bacterial leakage |
22 min, 8 min |
7 days |
Delay > immediate (A+) - (A_) |
|
Lyons et al. (2009) [71] |
80 | G1: imm/ G2: delay/ G3: imm/ G4: delay |
EndoSequence/ #50 .06 |
Resilon + Epiphany sealer / WVC-System B- Obtura II |
S.M/ 3, 7, 10, 14 up to maximum 28 days |
System B + Gates Glidden | Dual-chamber microbial leakage model; % teeth with bacterial leakage | Immediately | 5 days |
Immediate - delay all groups showed leakage after 14 days: failure of the Resilon/Epiphany to create a true ‘monoblock’ |
|
Grecca et al. (2009) [70] |
66 | G1: imm, burs/ G2: 1W, burs/ G3: imm, heated pluggers / G4: 1W, heated pluggers/ G5: imm, solvent/ G6: 1W, solvent |
K-file/ #50 |
GP/ AH Plus sealer/ Tagger’s hybrid technique |
E.F/ 90 days |
LA Axxess Bur/ heated pluggers /solvent xylol |
Dual-chamber device; number of teeth with bacterial leakage | Immediately | 7 days |
Immediate - delay Bur - heated pluggers - solvent |
(A+)/(A_); with or without accelerator, CLC cold lateral compaction, G group, GP gutta-percha, imm Immediate, L lateral condensation, mm millimeter, MTA mineral trioxide aggregate, N.r. not reported, PSP post space preparation, W week, WVC warm vertical compaction, ZOE zinc oxide eugenol sealer, - ; similar outcome.