Table 3.
Association of dense breast notification (DBN) and breast density (BD) awareness with psychological responses at short- and long-term follow-up
| Psychological outcomes | Short-term follow-up | Long-term follow-up | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| With DBN versus No DBN OR ( 95% CI) |
BD awareness versus No BD awareness OR (95% CI) |
With DBN versus No DBN OR (95% CI) |
BD awareness versus No BD awareness OR (95% CI) |
|
| Breast cancer worry α | n = 584 | n = 589 | ||
| Model 1: High versus low | 0.76 (0.52, 1.10) | 0.80 (0.55, 1.17) | 0.99 (0.69, 1.41) | 0.88 (0.61, 1.28) |
| Model 2: High versus low | 0.80 (0.54, 1.20) | 0.87 (0.58, 1.31) | 1.04 (0.70, 1.53) | 0.87 (0.59, 1.30) |
| Perceived absolute risk β | n = 559 | n = 566 | ||
| Model 1 | ||||
| Moderate versus low risk | 0.81 (0.54, 1.21) | 1.78 (1.14, 2.78) | 1.14 (0.76, 1.70) | 1.27 (0.81, 2.01) |
| High versus low risk | 1.21 (0.62, 2.37) | 2.16 (0.99, 4.68) | 0.71 (0.35, 1.42) | 0.95 (0.43, 2.08) |
| Model 2 | ||||
| Moderate versus low risk | 0.62 (0.40, 0.96) | 2.19 (1.34, 3.58) | 1.07 (0.69, 1.63) | 1.24 (0.76, 2.02) |
| High versus low risk | 0.92 (0.45, 1.89) | 2.27 (0.99, 5.20) | 0.69 (0.33, 1.43) | 1.08 (0.47, 2.47) |
| Perceived comparative risk β | n = 556 | n = 583 | ||
| Model 1 | ||||
| As likely versus less likely | 1.08 (0.60, 1.94) | 1.58 (0.99, 2.54) | 1.29 (0.86, 1.94) | 1.09 (0.69, 1.74) |
| More likely versus less likely | 1.10 (0.71, 1.68) | 0.90 (0.46, 1.74) | 0.65 (0.35, 1.22) | 0.66 (0.33, 1.32) |
| Model 2 | ||||
| As likely versus less likely | 0.94 (0.59, 1.49) | 1.63 (0.43, 1.76) | 1.30 (0.85, 2.0) | 0.99 (0.60, 1.62) |
| More likely versus less likely | 1.09 (0.59, 2.03) | 0.87 (0.43, 1.76) | 0.71 (0.36, 1.37) | 0.73 (0.35, 1.52) |
| Uncertainty about breast cancer risk¥ | n = 589 | n = 612 | ||
| Model 1 | 1.11 (0.81, 1.53) | 1.26 (0.91, 1.76) | 0.91 (0.66, 1.26) | 0.85 (0.60, 1.20) |
| Model 2 | 1.03 (0.73, 1.45) | 1.25 (0.87, 1.78) | 0.95 (0.68, 1.35) | 0.87 (0.60, 1.25) |
| Uncertainty about breast cancer screening choices¥ | n = 590 | n = 606 | ||
| Model 1 | 1.13 (0.81, 1.57) | 1.26 (0.87, 1.81) | 1.02 (0.73, 1.42) | 0.78 (0.53, 1.15) |
| Model 2 | 1.04 (0.73, 1.49) | 1.24 (0.83, 1.83) | 1.13 (0.78, 1.62) | 0.74 (0.49, 1.12) |
“BD awareness”: women reported having heard of breast density, or having been told they had dense breasts. “No BD awareness”: women reported that they had not heard of breast density and had not been told they had dense breasts
“With DBN”: women with BI-RADS 3 or 4 on the baseline mammogram. “No DBN”: women with BI-RADS 1 or 2 on the baseline mammogram
Model 1: Adjusted for outcome-specific covariates specified below and baseline outcome response
Model 2: Model 1 + mutual exposure (density for awareness model, awareness for density model)
Covariates selected based on association with outcome and either exposure:
Breast cancer worry: Gail 5-year absolute risk score, mammography callback, and history of breast biopsy
Perceived absolute risk: Gail 5-year absolute risk score, nativity status, health literacy, educational attainment, and history of breast biopsy
Perceived comparative risk: Gail 5-year absolute risk score, mammography callback, history of breast biopsy, and language of interview
Uncertainty, risk: Health literacy
Uncertainty, choices: Nativity status, history of breast biopsy, and health literacy
¥Cumulative Logistic regression
αLogistic Regression
βMultinomial Logistic Regression