Table 2.

Results of mixed model analysis^*

		OH1		PRC total		PRC factor 1: Social
		Estimate(SE)	P-value	Estimate(SE)	P-value	Estimate(SE)	P-value
Fixed effects
Intercept		4.54(0.09)	<.001	2.41(1.05)	.02	0.25(0.24)	.30
ECC group		−1.04(0.15)	<.001	3.40(1.75)	.05	0.34(0.39)	.38
Exam (timepoint): 1		−0.01 (0.09)	.93	−0.43(0.96)	.66	0.15(0.20)	.46
Exam (timepoint): 2		−0.15(0.09)	.09	−0.22(1.00)	.83	0.20(0.21)	.34
Site: Columbus		−0.20(0.07)	<.01	−1.64(0.97)	.08	−0.48(0.22)	.03
ECC × Time 1		−1.65(0.15)	<.001	9.17(1.76)	<.001	0.79(0.37)	.40
ECC × Time 2		0.09(0.16)	.60	1.94(1.84)	.29	0.07(0.39)	.87
Random effects
ID (group)		0.20(0.04)	<.001	49.54(6.38)	<.001	3.42(0.31)	<.001
Residual		0.52(0.04)	<.001	63.55(4.42)	<.001	2.72(0.17)	<.001
Subjects (n)		501		501		501
Observations (n)		936		936		931
Akaike information criterion		2324.0		6960.6		4157.3
Estimated means
Group time		Mean(SD)		Mean (SD)		Mean(SD)
ECC	1	1.66(0.07)		13.16(0.59)		1.12(0.17)
	2	3.26(0.08)		6.16(0.60)		0.45(0.18)
	3	3.32(0.07)		4.42(0.59)		0.18(0.17)
Caries-free	1	4.42(0.10)		1.09(0.82)		0.14(0.24)
	2	4.28(0.10)		1.38(0.82)		0.21(0.24)
	3	4.44(0.10)		1.64(0.82)		0.02(0.24)
		PRC factor 2: Physical		PRC factor 3: Mental		PRC factor 4: Emotional
		Estimate(SE)	P-value	Estimate(SE)	P-value	Estimate(SE)	P-value
Fixed effects
Intercept		1.14(0.56)	.04	0.61(0.25)	.02	0.20(0.15)	.18
ECC group		1.16(0.97)	.23	0.60(0.41)	.15	0.73(0.26)	.01
Exam (timepoint): 1		−0.50(0.58)	.39	−0.25 (0.22)	.26	0.17(0.15)	.28
Exam (timepoint): 2		−0.38(0.61)	.54	−0.19(0.22)	.39	0.15(0.16)	.36
Site: Columbus		−0.57(0.42)	.18	−0.21 (0.24)	.37	−0.26(0.11)	.02
ECC × Time 1		6.31(1.05)	<.001	1.47(0.40)	<.001	−0.36(0.28)	.19
ECC × Time 2		1.49(1.13)	.19	0.50(0.41)	.22	−0.21 (0.30)	.47
Random effects
ID (group)		4.24(1.72)	.01	3.74(0.40)	<.001	0.35(0.11)	<.001
Residual		25.28(1.85)	<.001	3.11(0.22)	<.001	1.71(0.12)	<.001
Subjects (n)		501		501		501
Observations (n)		933		929		909
Akaike information criterion		5789.3		4257.9		3236.4
Estimated means
Group time		Mean(SD)		Mean(SD)		Mean(SD)
ECC	1	7.62(0.20)		2.25(0.08)		0.51(0.09)
	2	2.92(0.21)		1.35(0.08)		0.64(0.10)
	3	1.82(0.21)		1.03(0.08)		0.71(0.09)
Caries-free	1	0.32(0.28)		0.25(0.11)		0.22(0.13)
	2	0.48(0.29)		0.32(0.11)		0.22(0.13)
	3	0.87(0.29)		0.52(0.11)		0.08(0.13)

^*OH1=child’s perceived overall oral health as reported by parent (1=poor, 2=fair, 3=good, 4=very good, 5=excellent); PRC=parent’s report on child; ECC × Time 1 and ECC × Time 2=group (ECC vs caries-free) by time (0, 1, 2) interaction.