Table 3.
Association between MACE and TMAO levels stratified by hsCRP median levels
| Variable | n, total | n, event (%) | Crude HR (95% CI) | P‐value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) a | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hsCRP b | ||||||
| >median vs. ≤median | 1.17 (0.84–1.64) | 0.356 | 1.20 (0.85–1.69) | 0.292 | ||
| TMAO | ||||||
| >median vs. ≤median | 2.14 (1.50–3.05) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.08–2.26) | 0.019 | ||
| hsCRP ≤ 6.68 mg/L | ||||||
| TMAO per SD c | ‐ | ‐ | 1.08 (0.88–1.32) | 0.482 | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) | 0.297 |
| TMAO by median | ||||||
| ≤median | 249 | 27 (10.8) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| >median | 243 | 37 (15.2) | 1.46 (0.89–2.40) | 0.134 | 1.14 (0.66–1.95) | 0.646 |
| TMAO by tertile | ||||||
| Tertile 1 | 162 | 5 (6.6) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| Tertile 2 | 82 | 10 (12.2) | 1.91 (0.65–5.59) | 0.238 | 1.78 (0.57–5.54) | 0.317 |
| Tertile 3 | 79 | 11 (13.9) | 2.14 (0.74–6.16) | 0.159 | 2.27 (0.73–7.03) | 0.155 |
| hsCRP > 6.68 mg/L | ||||||
| TMAO per SD c | ‐ | ‐ | 1.27 (1.14–1.41) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.05–1.37) | 0.009 |
| TMAO by median | ||||||
| ≤median | 243 | 19 (7.8) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| >median | 250 | 55 (22.0) | 3.12 (1.85–5.25) | <0.001 | 2.35 (1.36–4.07) | 0.002 |
| TMAO by tertile | ||||||
| Tertile 1 | 166 | 13 (7.8) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| Tertile 2 | 163 | 18 (11.0) | 1.44 (0.71–2.94) | 0.315 | 1.27 (0.62–2.61) | 0.520 |
| Tertile 3 | 164 | 43 (26.2) | 3.86 (2.07–7.19) | <0.001 | 2.91 (1.52–5.56) | 0.001 |
HR, hazard ratio; hsCRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; MACE, major adverse cardiac event; TMAO, trimethylamine‐N‐oxide.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, current smoking, HF‐type, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, peripheral artery disease, and history of stroke and MI.
b
The median level of hsCRP was 6.68 mg/L.
c
P = 0.041 for interaction between TMAO tertiles and hsCRP dichotomy for MACE, and adjusted P = 0.007.