Table 1.
Baseline and follow‐up characteristics of the whole population according to sex
| Data at baseline | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Population N = 312 | F = 101 (32%) | M = 211 (68%) | P value |
| Age (years) | 42 ± 19 | 36 ± 17 | 0.678 |
| NYHA class, n (%) | 0.323 | ||
| I | 45 (55%) | 112 (64%) | |
| II | 13 (16%) | 24 (14%) | |
| III | 12 (15%) | 22 (13%) | |
| IV | 12 (15%) | 17 (10%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 3 (3%) | 8 (4%) | 0.765 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 16 (16%) | 26 (12%) | 0.403 |
| Family history for DCM, n (%) | 4(4) | 8(4) | 0.953 |
| QRS length (ms) | 93 ± 10 | 101 ± 16 | <0.001 |
| LVEF baseline (%) | 50 (30–62) | 56 (36–61) | 0.282 |
| LVEF baseline < 40%, n (%) | 33 (33) | 52 (25) | 0.244 |
| LVEDVi baseline (mL/m2) | 58 ± 30 | 60 ± 22 | 0.542 |
| MR moderate/severe, n (%) | 11 (11%) | 19 (9%) | 0.769 |
| RV systolic dysfunction, no. (%) | 10 (10%) | 16 (8%) | 0.868 |
| Restrictive pattern, n (%) | 23 (23) | 40 (27) | 0.447 |
| Non‐ischaemic LGE, n (%) | 23 (23%) | 83 (40%) | <0.001** |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 48 (49%) | 73 (34%) | 0.031 |
| ACE‐i/ARB, n (%) | 26 (26%) | 36 (17%) | 0.067 |
| MRA, n (%) | 14 (14%) | 17 (10%) | 0.129 |
| Diuretics, no. (%) | 26 (26%) | 35 (16%) | 0.701 |
| Data at last available follow‐up | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Population N = 255 | F = 78 (31%) | M = 177 (69%) | P value |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 37 (61) | 56 (49) | 0.145 |
| ACE‐i/ARB, n (%) | 11 (18) | 19 (17) | 0.499 |
| MRA, n (%) | 29 (48) | 37 (32) | 0.130 |
| ICD at follow‐up, n (%) | 14 (18%) | 22 (13%) | 0.415 |
| LVEF at follow‐up (%) | 55 (49–64) | 57 (49–62) | 0.577 |
| LVEDVi at follow‐up, (mL/m 2 ) | 52 ± 20 | 62 ± 23 | 0.011 |
| LVESVi at follow‐up, (mL/m 2 ) | 25 ± 14 | 30 ± 21 | 0.046 |
ACE‐i, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; ICD, implantable cardiac defibrillator; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDVi, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume indexed; LVESVi, left ventricular end‐systolic volume indexed; MRA mineral corticoid antagonists; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RV, right ventricle; SBP systolic blood pressure.
In bold P value < 0.05**. CMR was performed in 91, 58, and 51% of patients with chest pain, arrhythmias, and heart failure at the onset, respectively.