Table 1.
2010 Task Force diagnostic criteria for ACM
Major criteria | Minor criteria | |
---|---|---|
RV systolic function and structure | By 2D echo: | By 2D echo: |
► Regional RV akinesia, dyskinesia or aneurysm and one of the following (end diastole): PLAX RVOT ≥ 32 mm, PLAX‐RVOT/BSA ≥ 19 mm/m2 PSAX RVOT ≥ 36 mm, PSAX‐RVOT/BSA ≥ 21 mm/m2 Or fractional area change ≤33% |
Regional RV akinesia, dyskinesia or and 1 of the following (end diastole) PLAX RVOT ≥29 to <32 mm, PLAX‐RVOT/BSA ≥ 16 to <19 mm/m2 PSAX RVOT ≥32 to <36 mm, PSAX‐RVOT/BSA ≥ 18 to <21 mm/m2 Or fractional area change >33% to ≤40% |
|
By MRI: | By MRI | |
► Regional RV akinesia, dyskinesia or dyssynchronous RV contraction and 1 of following: Ratio of RV end diastolic volume to BSA ≥ 110 ml/m2 (male) or ≥100 ml/m2 (female) (or RV EF ≤ 40%) | Regional RV akinesia, dyskinesia or dyssynchronous RV contraction and 1 of the following: Ratio of RV end‐diastolic volume to BSA ≥ 100 to <110 ml/m2 (male) or ≥90 to <100 ml/m2 (female) or RV EF > 40% to ≤ 45% | |
By RV angiography: | ||
Regional RV akinesia, dyskinesia or aneurysm | ||
Tissue characterization | Residual myocytes <60% by morphometric analysis (or <50% if estimated) with fibrous replacement of the RV free wall myocardium in ≥1 sample, with or without fatty replacement of tissue on EMB | Residual myocytes 60% to 75% by morphometric analysis (or 50% to 65% if estimated), with fibrous replacement of the RV free wall myocardium in ≥1 sample, with or without fatty replacement of tissue on EMB |
Repolarization’ abnormality | ► Inverted T waves in right precordial leads (V1–3) or beyond in individuals >14 years of age (in the absence of complete right bundle ‐ branch block QRS ≥ 120 ms | Inverted T waves in leads V1 and V2 in individuals >14 years of age (in the absence of complete right bundle branch block) or in V4–6 or inverted T waves in leads V1–V4 in individuals >14 years of age in the presence of complete right bundle branch block |
Depolarization abnormality | ► Epsilon waves (reproducible low‐amplitude signals between the end of QRS complex to onset of the T wave) in the right precordial leads (V1–3) | Late potential by SAECG in ≥1 of 3 parameters in the absence of a QRS duration of ≥110 ms on the standard ECG; filtered QRS duration ≥114 ms; Duration of terminal QRS < 40 μV (low amplitude signal duration) or ≥38 ms; Root‐mean‐square voltage of terminal 40 ms ≤ 20 μV; Terminal activation duration of QRS ≥ 55 ms measured from the nadir of the S wave to the end of QRS, including R′, in V1–3, in the absence of complete right bundle‐branch block |
Arrhythmias | Nonsustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia of left bundle‐branch morphology with superior axis (negative or indeterminate QRS in leads II, III and aVF and positive in lead aVL) |
Nonsustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia of RV outflow configuration, left bundle‐branch morphology with inferior axis (positive QRS in leads II, III, and aVF and negative in lead aVL) ► or >500 ventricular extrasystoles per 24 h (Holter) |
Family history | ACM who meets Task Force criteria or confirmed pathologically in a first degree relative pathogenic mutation categorized as associated or probably associated with ACM in the patient under evaluation | History of ACM in a first degree relative or premature sudden death (<35 years of age) due to suspected ACM in a first degree relative or ACM confirmed pathologically or by current Task Force Criteria in second‐degree relative |
Note: Adapted from References 3, 4 with minor modifications. Definite diagnosis of ACM: 2 major, or 1 major and 2 minor, or 4 minor criteria, borderline diagnosis: 1 major and 1 minor, or 3 minor criteria, possible diagnosis: 1 major or 2 minor criteria from different categories. ► criteria that were present in our patient.
Abbreviations: ACM, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy; BSA, body surface area; ECG, electrocardiogram; EMB, endomyocardial biopsy; LV, left ventricle; MRI; magnetic resonance imaging; PLAX, parasternal long axis; PSAX, parasternal short axis; RV, right ventricular; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; SAECG, signal averaged ECG.