Table 3.
Association of immune cell subsets with incident heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
| Immune cell subsets | MESA | CHS | Meta‐analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Monocytes | ||||||
| Classical monocytes | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) | 0.89 | ||||
| Intermediate monocytes | 1.05 (0.83–1.31) | 0.69 | ||||
| Non‐classical monocytes | 0.98 (0.79–1.21) | 0.83 | ||||
| Innate lymphocytes | ||||||
| Natural killer cells | 0.81 (0.65–1.00) | 0.06 | 1.00 (0.82–1.23) | 0.97 | 0.91 (0.78–1.05) | 0.20 |
| γδ T cells | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) | 0.23 | 1.12 (0.93–1.35) | 0.23 | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 0.82 |
| CD4 + T cells | ||||||
| Pan‐CD4+ T cells | 1.13 (0.91–1.39) | 0.28 | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.45 | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 0.87 |
| T helper 1 | 0.80 (0.65–0.99) | 0.04 | 0.65 (0.51–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.62–0.85) | <0.001 |
| T helper 2 | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | 0.94 | 1.16 (0.96–1.41) | 0.13 | 1.08 (0.94–1.25) | 0.27 |
| T helper 17 | 0.99 (0.81–1.20) | 0.89 | 1.14 (0.96–1.35) | 0.12 | 1.07 (0.95–1.22) | 0.27 |
| T regulatory cells | 0.90 (0.72–1.13) | 0.36 | 0.95 (0.76–1.18) | 0.63 | 0.92 (0.79–1.08) | 0.32 |
| Naive | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) | 0.68 | 1.05 (0.87–1.25) | 0.61 | 1.04 (0.92–1.19) | 0.52 |
| Memory | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.55 | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) | 0.13 | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) | 0.13 |
| Activated or T regulatory | 0.95 (0.75–1.19) | 0.64 | 1.08 (0.86–1.37) | 0.51 | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 0.90 |
| Activated or mature | 1.19 (1.00–1.41) | 0.05 | ||||
| Differentiated/senescent (CD4 + CD28−) | 0.87 (0.67–1.13) | 0.31 | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) | 0.68 | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) | 0.35 |
| Differentiated/senescent (CD4 + CD57+) | 0.84 (0.65–1.07) | 0.16 | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) | 0.65 | 0.91 (0.79–1.06) | 0.22 |
| Differentiated/senescent (CD4 + CD28 − CD57+) | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.13 | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 0.37 | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 0.10 |
| TEMRA | 0.90 (0.71–1.15) | 0.41 | 0.91 (0.75–1.10) | 0.33 | 0.91 (0.78–1.05) | 0.20 |
| CD8 + T cells | ||||||
| Pan‐CD8+ T cells | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 0.54 | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 0.24 | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.21 |
| Naïve | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) | 0.48 | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | 0.99 | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) | 0.65 |
| Memory | 0.94 (0.76–1.18) | 0.61 | 0.94 (0.77–1.13) | 0.50 | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | 0.39 |
| Activated or mature | 0.99 (0.81–1.20) | 0.90 | ||||
| Differentiated/senescent (CD8 + CD28−) | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) | 0.52 | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 0.84 | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 0.80 |
| Differentiated/senescent (CD8 + CD57+) | 1.02 (0.84–1.25) | 0.83 | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 0.41 | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.63 |
| Differentiated/senescent (CD8 + CD28 − CD57+) | 1.06 (0.85–1.32) | 0.61 | 0.91 (0.76–1.10) | 0.34 | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | 0.68 |
| TEMRA | 1.06 (0.86–1.30) | 0.58 | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 0.72 |
| B cells | ||||||
| Pan‐CD19+ B cells | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 0.47 | 1.07 (0.88–1.30) | 0.52 | 1.07 (0.93–1.22) | 0.33 |
| Memory | 1.02 (0.81–1.27) | 0.88 | 0.93 (0.73–1.20) | 0.60 | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) | 0.81 |
Analysis adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, clinical site, immune cell analytical batch, alcohol use, smoking status, physical activity, BMI, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, use of anti‐hypertensive medications, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, use of statin therapy, eGFR, and CMV serostatus. Multiple imputation method used.