Table 4.
Liver resection for cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA/pCCA).
| Reference (author, year) | Country | Study period | Indication to surgery | Comparator | Parameter | N° patients | Adjuvant treatment, n (%) | Major resections, n (%) | Morbidity, n (%) | Liver specific morbidity, n (%) | Liver Failure (ISGLS), n (%) | Major morbidity, n (%) | Mortality, n (%) | DFS/RFS (months), median (range) or (%) | OS (months), median (range) or (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Otsuji (2015) | Japan | 2008-2014 | pCCA | Sarcopenia | TPA | 256. S/NS: 85/171 | NA | 256 (100) | NA | NA | S/NS: (33)/(16); (p=0.003) |
S/NS: 46 (54)/64 (37); (p=0.011) | S/NS: 3 (4)/5 (3); (p=0.793) | NA | NA |
| Coelen (2015) | Netherlands | 1998-2013 | pCCA | low skeletal muscle mass | SMM at L3 | 100. Normal/low SMM: 58/42) | 0 (institution policy) | 100 (100) | NA | NA | Normal/low SMM: 9 (15.5)/15 (35.7); (p=0.020) | Normal/low SMM: 28 (48.3)/28 (66.7); (p=0.067) | Normal/low SMM: 5 (8.6)/12 (28.6); (p=0.009) | Normal/low SMM: 39.8/43.3; (p=0.748) | Normal/low SMM: 47.5/22.8 (p=0.014). 5-y: 36.2/20.3 (ns) |
| Okumura (2017) | Japan | 2004-2015 | iCCA | Skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle quality, visceral adiposity | SMI, MA, VSR | 109. Low/high SMI: 69/40; Low/high MA: 53/56; Low/high VSR: 23/86 | 47 (43.1). Low/high SMI: 26 (37.7)/21 (52.5); (p=0.132). Low/high MA: 19 (35.9)/28 (50.0); (p=0.136). Low/high VSR: 15 (65.2)/32 (37.2); (p=0.016) | 90 (83). Low/high SMI: 56/34 (p=0.611); Low/high MA: 43/47 (p=0.701); Low/high VSR: 21/69; (p=0.214) | 17 (15.6). Low/high SMI: 12 (17.4)/5 (12.5) (p=0.498). Low/high MA: 10 (18.9)/7 (12.5) (p=0.360). Low/high VSR: 1 (4.4)/16 (18.6); (p=0.094) | NA | NA | NA | 2 (1.8). Low/high SMI: 2 (2.9)/0 (0.0) (p=0.277). Low/high MA: 1 (1.9)/1 (1.8) (p=0.969). Low/high VSR: 0 (0.0)/2 (2.3); (p=0.460) | ↓RFS in low SMI (p=0.015). Low vs. high MA (p=0.233). ↓RFS in high VSR (p=0.049) | ↓OS in low SMI (p=0.002). ↓OS in low MA (p=0.032). ↓OS in high VSR (p=0.026) |
| Chakedis (2018) | USA | 2007-2016 | BTC | Sarcopenia | PMI | 117. NSR/RS: 48/30 | NSR/RS: 13 (28)/6 (21); (p=0.792) | NA | NSR/RS: 22 (47)/16 (53); (p=0.164) | NA | NSR/RS: 1 (2)/2 (8); (p=0.251) | NSR/RS: 11 (23)/4 (16); (p=0.50) | NSR/RS: 2 (4)/4 (13); (p=0.139) | NSR/RS time to recurrence: 12.6/7.7 (p=0.504) | NSR/RS: 38.7/12.6; (p=0.006). After recurrence: 55.0/13.5 (p=0.005) |
S, sarcopenia; NS, non-sarcopenia; SMM, skeletal muscle mass; SMI, skeletal muscle index; MA, muscle attenuation; VSR, visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio; OS, overall survival; RFS, recurrence free survival; DFS, disease free survival; PMI, psoas muscle index; BTC, biliary tract cancers; NSR, non-sarcopenic resectable; SR, sarcopenic resectable; NA, not assessed.