Table 3 .

Proportion of patients surviving emergency laparotomy by American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade, data from Kaplan–Meier curves.

Time	Number at risk	Number of deaths	Survival proportion	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	Comparison with cholecystectomy with same ASA grade (Kaplan–Meier)
ASA 1
30 days	85	1	0.99	0.97	1
1 year	67	4	0.94	0.89	0.99
2 years	44	3	0.90	0.83	0.97
5 years	33	1	0.87	0.79	0.96	p<0.0001
ASA 2
30 days	274	7	0.98	0.96	0.99
1 year	195	16	0.91	0.88	0.95
2 years	124	13	0.84	0.79	0.89
5 years	101	12	0.75	0.69	0.82	p<0.0001
ASA 3
30 days	297	26	0.92	0.89	0.95
1 year	184	51	0.75	0.70	0.80
2 years	114	22	0.65	0.59	0.71
5 years	79	22	0.51	0.44	0.58	p<0.0001
ASA 4
30 days	133	56	0.70	0.64	0.77
1 year	76	37	0.49	0.43	0.57
2 years	57	8	0.44	0.37	0.52
5 years	48	5	0.40	0.33	0.48	p=0.03
ASA 5
30 days	7	9	0.44	0.25	0.76
1 year	5	1	0.36	0.19	0.71
2 years	3	2	0.22	0.08	0.58
5 years	2	1	0.15	0.04	0.51	p=0.063

This table refers to the survival of all patients following emergency laparotomy for whom an ASA grade was recorded (n=894). Note that, if 100% accurate, all of the patients who died after the 30-day Rubicon would have been quoted a 0% 30-day mortality risk by current scoring algorithms. For the ASA grades with the highest volume of deaths (3 and 4), the majority of the deaths take place after 30 postoperative days. Actual survivorship, at 5 years, of patients with an ASA grade of 3 or 4 is approximately 50%. Emergency laparotomy (n=894): ASA grade 1=86, ASA grade 2=281, ASA grade 3=323, ASA grade 4=188 and ASA grade 5=16. These patients were compared with patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the same ASA by Kaplan–Meier analysis to generate the p-values shown. Cholecystectomy patients (n=1,834): ASA grade 1=598, ASA grade 2=1,055, ASA grade 3=173, ASA grade 4=6 and ASA grade 5=2.