Table 1. List of MOFs Used for Delivery of Pesticides.
| MOF used | Metal | BET surface area (m2 g–1) | composite | agrochemical loaded | loading capacity (wt %) | efficacy | stimuli triggers | ref/year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPA-MOF | Fe | P and N fertilizers | P: 12.5 | plant growth | (65)/2015 | |||
| N: 3.1 | soil enrichment | |||||||
| oxalate: 14.5 | ||||||||
| MIL-100 | Fe | 2251a | azoxystrobin | 16.2 | antifungal activity against F. graminearum and P. infestans | pH responsive | (66)/2020 | |
| 1199b | plant growth | |||||||
| NH2-MIL-101 | Fe | 953.9a | PDA | diniconazole | 14.7 | good antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum | pH responsive | (67)/2020 |
| 449.8b | ||||||||
| 13.0c | ||||||||
| MIL-101 | Fe | 800a | Fe3+-TA | tebuconazole | 24.1 | high efficacy against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, and control of Blumeria graminis | pH | (69)/2021 |
| 70b | sunlight (NIR) | |||||||
| 30c | H2O2 | |||||||
| GSH | ||||||||
| phosphates | ||||||||
| EDTA | ||||||||
| MIL-101 | Fe | 417.42a: unloaded composite | CMCS | dinotefuran | 24.5 | effective against late stage pest-outbreak | pH | (68)/2020 |
| 55.60b: loaded composite | protection against photodegradation of dinotefuran | citric acid | ||||||
| Fe-MOF | Fe | 93.31a | tebuconazole | 29.7 | reducing tebuconazole toxicity effects on plant growth | (71)/2022 | ||
| 47.99b | ||||||||
| MIL-101 | Fe | 2383.10a | silica | chlorantraniliprole | 23 | higher efficacy against P. xylostella larvae than applied pesticide | pH | (70)/2021 |
| 731.82b | protection against photodegradation | |||||||
| PCN-224 | Zr | 1533.62a | pectin and chitosan composite | tebuconazole | 30 | double microbicide activity | pH responsive | (77)/2019 |
| 106.55b | pectinase | |||||||
| 65.17c | light | |||||||
| UiO-66 | Zr | 926.54a | λ-cyhalothrin | 87.1 | effective against Musca domestica and Aphis craccivora Koch | (78)/2020 | ||
| 526.57b | long-term insecticidal effect compared to commercial pesticide formulation | |||||||
| UiO-66-NH2 | Zr | 824.35a | lignosulfonate (SL) | thiamethoxam | 30.57 (MOF) and 33.56 (composite) | 42 day no-pest against rice planthopper | pH responsive | (79)/2021 |
| 401.43b | ||||||||
| 235.59c | ||||||||
| UiO-66 | Zr | 502.51a | Fe2O3 | imidacloprid | 15.87 | comparable LC50 to commercial imidacloprid | (80)/2021 | |
| 264.01b | polydopamine (PDA) | magnetic composite easily collectable | ||||||
| UiO-66 | Zr | 502.5a | Fe2O3 | imidacloprid | 15.87 | comparable LC50 to commercial imidacloprid | (80)/2021 | |
| 264.01b | polydopamine (PDA) | magnetic composite easily collectable | ||||||
| UiO-66-NH2 | Zr | 865a | PCL (postsynthetic loading) | MCPA | release at 72 h in water: 0.056 mg mL–1 | PCL enhanced release in water due to swelling | (81)/2022 | |
| 619b | ||||||||
| UiO-66 | Zr | 1456a | PCL (postsynthetic loading) | MCPA | release at 72 h in water: 0.043 mg mL–1 | PCL enhanced release in water due to swelling | (81)/2022 | |
| 1100b | ||||||||
| MOF-1203 | Ca | 160 | 1,3-DCPP | 13 | (82)/2022 | |||
| MOF-1201 | ||||||||
| HKUST-1 | Cu | TMPyP | 12 | photosensitizer pesticide effect | light | (83)/2021 | ||
| good efficacy against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | ||||||||
| NH2-Mil-101(Al) | Al | 2359.0a | azoxystrobin diniconazole | 29.72 | EC50: 0.065 mg·mL–1 effective against Rhizoctonia solani | pH | (84)/2021 | |
| 468.7b | 6.71 | |||||||
| MOF-5 | Zn | 121.28a | PVA/ST | atrazine | 60.12 | (88)/2022 | ||
| 106.32b | ||||||||
| ZIF-8 | Zn | 1775a | PMMA/zein | dinotefuran | 16.19 | protection of pesticide against UV degradation | pH | (85)/2022 |
| 645b | Zn2+ | 21.13 | 32 day antipest effect against | protease | ||||
| 128c | ||||||||
| ZIF-67 | Co | boscalid | 18 | antifungal effect 4–6 times higher than commercial product | pH | (86)/2022 | ||
| CuBTC | Cu | avermectin | 40 | protection against photodegradation (retention 69.4%, pH 9.0, 120 h) | pH-dependent | (87)/2022 | ||
| -anti pest effect against B. xylophilus for 12 days | ||||||||
| GR-MOF-7 | Cu | glufosinate | 40 and 24% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at ≤2.5 ppm | (89)/2022 | ||||
| inhibit germination of R. sativus | ||||||||
| Ni-ITQ-HB | Ni | 285a | 3-(S)-methyl-6-(R,S)-isopropenyl-9-decenyl acetate | 25 | (101)/2016 | |||
| IRMOF-NHPr | 1914b | 3-octanone | 62 | mph loaded MOFs showed similar results to conventional mph applications, drawing similar number of insects to bait | (102)/2020 | |||
| IRMOF-3 | 2613b | 4-methyl-3-heptanone (mph) | 75 |
a
BET surface area before loading.
b
BET after loading.
c
BET surface area after integration of MOFs into the composite.