Table 1. Association between the belief in just deserts (BJD) and demographic factors and infection-related and socio-psychological characteristics: univariate analysis.
| N (%) or Arithmetic mean (SD) | BJD Arithmetic mean (SD) |
Effect size da, η2b, or rc (95%CI) |
p # | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The whole participants | 1,207 (100%) | 2.50 (1.14) | – | – |
| Demographic factors | ||||
| Men (ref) | 608 (50.4%) | 2.58 (1.21) | −0.139 (−0.252–−0.026)a | 0.02* |
| Women | 599 (49.6%) | 2.42 (1.05) | ||
| Age | 45.9 (13.6) | – | −0.090 (−0.146–−0.034)c | 0.002* |
| Hokkaido region | 53 (4.4%) | 2.32 (1.22) | 0.004 (0.000–0.007)b | 0.67 |
| Tohoku region | 70 (5.8%) | 2.47 (1.11) | ||
| Kanto region | 434 (36.0%) | 2.47 (1.07) | ||
| Chubu region | 195 (16.2%) | 2.64 (1.27) | ||
| Kinki region | 254 (21.0%) | 2.47 (1.13) | ||
| Chugoku region | 68 (5.6%) | 2.49 (1.09) | ||
| Shikoku region | 33 (2.7%) | 2.48 (1.32) | ||
| Kyushu region | 100 (8.3%) | 2.57 (1.12) | ||
| log10 population density [persons//km2] | 2.95 (0.61) | – | −0.012 (−0.068–0.045)c | 0.69 |
| Elementary/junior high/high school | 354 (29.3%) | 2.54 (1.17) | 0.001 (0.000–0.007)b | 0.42 |
| Junior/technical/professional training college | 273 (22.6%) | 2.42 (1.05) | ||
| University/graduate school | 580 (48.1%) | 2.52 (1.15) | ||
| Civil servants/executives/ company employees | 497 (41.2%) | 2.57 (1.22) | 0.003 (0.000–0.011)b | 0.18 |
| Self-employed/free enterprise | 99 (8.2%) | 2.46 (0.98) | ||
| Full-time homemaker, part-time job, student, other | 611 (50.6%) | 2.45 (1.09) | ||
| Unmarried individuals (ref) | 524 (43.4%) | 2.58 (1.20) | −0.124 (−0.237–−0.010)a | 0.04* |
| Married individuals | 683 (56.6%) | 2.44 (1.08) | ||
| Absence of children (ref) | 621 (51.4%) | 2.57 (1.18) | −0.120 (−0.233–−0.007)a | 0.04* |
| Presence of children | 586 (48.6%) | 2.43 (1.09) | ||
| Infection-related and socio-psychological characteristics | ||||
| History of infection: absence (ref) | 1163 (96.4%) | 2.50 (1.13) | 0.103 (−0.198–0.404)a | 0.50 |
| History of infection: presence | 44 (3.6%) | 2.61 (1.28) | ||
| log10 infection rate [10−5] | 1.43 (0.42) | – | −0.011 (−0.067–0.045)c | 0.70 |
| Risk perception | 33.7 (24.1) | – | −0.056 (−0.112–0.000)c | 0.05* |
| Human rights restrictions | 3.35 (1.15) | – | 0.329 (0.278–0.379)c | <0.001* |
Notes.
- N
- number of respondents
- SD
- standard deviation
- CI
- confidence interval
#
t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation.
*
p ≤ 0.05.