Table 2.

Experiments performed on retinal cell lines aiming to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of resveratrol in different doses administered.

Resveratrol Concentration	Cell Line	Method/Target Molecule	Effect	Reference
10 mM—inside microcapsules	D407 RPE	ELISA	↓ VEGF ↓ IL-6	[160]
25, 50, and 100 μM	D407 RPE	The activity of antioxidant enzymes	↑ SOD ↑ Catalase ↑ Reduced glutathione	[153]
12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L	D407 RPE	ELISA Western Blotting qRT-PCR	↑ SOD ↓ MDA ↑ Bcl-2 ↓ Caspase-3	[161]
10 μM	ARPE-19	SIRT1 Activity Assay Kit DNMT Activity Quantification Kit qRT-PCR	↑ SIRT1 levels ↑ DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs)	[162]
10 μM	ARPE-19	Flow cytometry Acridine orange staining	↓ Cell death ↑ Autophagy	[163]
10 μM	ARPE-19	ELISA	↓ VEGF	[164]
10 μM	ARPE-19	ELISA	↓ VEGF ↓ IL-6 ↓ IL-8	[142]
10 μm 20 μM 50 μM	ARPE-19	ELISA Western blotting	↓ VEGF	[143]
50 μM 100 μM	ARPE-19	Western blotting	↓ ERK 1/2	[151]
2–50 μM	ARPE-19	ELISA RT-PCR	↓ VEGF-A ↓ VEGF-C	[144]
40 μM	E1A.NR3 retinal cells	Western blotting	↑ SIRT-1 ↑ Ku70 ↓ Bax	[165]
Pre-treatment for 24 h with 1 μM	HRECs	Carboxy-DCFDA	↓ Intracellular ROS levels	[166]
5 μM	HUVECs	Western blotting PCR	↑ SIRT1 levels	[167]
25 μM	Primary porcine trabecular meshwork cells	Carboxy-DCFDA RT-PCR Flow cytometry	↓ Intracellular ROS levels ↓ IL1α, IL6, IL8, ↓ sa-β-gal and lipofuscin	[155]
2.5 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM and 20 μM	Human lens epithelial cells (HLEB-3)	WST-1 Flow cytometry Western blotting	↑ Cell viability after H2O2 damage ↓ p38 and JNK phosphorylation ↑ SOD, Catalase and HO-1 expression	[156]

↑—Overexpression/Increased level; ↓—Down-regulation/Decreased level.