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Examples of active and passive maternal behaviors that are associated with processes of acceptance, recognition, motivation, and rejection/fear.
| Responses | Acceptance | Recognition | Motivation | Rejection/Fear |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passive | Allow proximity | Selective proximity | Staying in nest | Avoidance |
| Nursing | Selective nursing | Crouching over | ||
| Active | Directed calls | Licking | Aggression | |
| Directed attention | Retrieving | Infanticide | ||
| Placenta consumption | ||||
| Defense | ||||
| Nest-building |
