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. 2022 Dec 8;9:1051828. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1051828

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Copyright © 2022 Kwon, Park, Lee, Park, Choo, Lee and Lee.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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SCHEME 2 — Schematic of the sudomotor axon reflex via iontophoresis. Cholinergic agonists (such as acetylcholine) and neuropeptides (such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) administered via iontophoresis (shown with the black arrow) bind to muscarinic receptors causing local sweat production (direct sweat, red arrow). The cholinergic agonist simultaneously binds to nicotinic receptors on the nerve terminals of sudomotor fibers triggering an antidromic impulse. This impulse travels orthodromically to a neighboring population of eccrine sweat glands at branch points resulting in an indirect axon-mediated sweat response (indirect sweat, blue arrows) (18). Modified model by Kwon et al. ACh, acetylcholine; VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. QSART, quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test.