Table 1.
Study population description of demographic variables and clinical markers at baseline: Age, height, LBP, and weight represented as mean-(sd), as they followed a continuous normal distribution (Shapiro test pval < 0.05).
| [ALL] | Placebo | Probiotic | Synbiotic | p.overall | N | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 71 | N = 18 | N = 21 | N = 32 | ||||
| Age | 49.9 (9.36) | 52.8 (10.4) | 49.1 (10.4) | 48.8 (7.88) | 0.316 | 71 | |
| CD4+ nadir | 124 [74.5;236] | 140 [81.8;212] | 109 [74.0;186] | 157 [70.0;261] | 0.395 | 71 | |
| Gender: | F | 10 (14.1%) | 1 (5.56%) | 5 (23.8%) | 4 (12.5%) | 0.310 | 71 |
| M | 61 (85.9%) | 17 (94.4%) | 16 (76.2%) | 28 (87.5%) | |||
| BMI | 24.4 [22.1;25.6] | 24.8 [22.6;26.3] | 24.4 [22.7;25.3] | 24.1 [22.2;25.4] | 0.778 | 69 | |
| Weight (Kg) | 72.8 (11.0) | 75.2 (12.6) | 72.8 (12.3) | 71.3 (9.08) | 0.491 | 69 | |
| Height (cm) | 172 (7.13) | 174 (9.26) | 171 (6.98) | 171 (5.71) | 0.336 | 71 | |
| Third drug class | INSTI | 47 (66.2%) | 9 (50.0%) | 16 (76.2%) | 22 (68.8%) | 0.282 | 71 |
| NNRTI | 18 (25.4%) | 6 (33.3%) | 5 (23.8%) | 7 (21.9%) | |||
| PI | 6 (8.45%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (9.38%) | |||
| LBP (μg/mL) | 5.99 (2.17) | 5.71 (2.31) | 6.12 (2.54) | 6.06 (1.86) | 0.815 | 70 | |
| sCD14 (μg/mL) | 2.48 [2.01;2.92] | 2.62 [2.03;2.95] | 2.62 [2.03;3.25] | 2.36 [1.90;2.61] | 0.087 | 70 | |
| IL6 (pg/ml) | 0.95 [0.65;1.72] | 0.87 [0.59;2.41] | 0.74 [0.64;1.67] | 1.02 [0.68;1.42] | 0.934 | 70 | |
| CRP (μg/mL) | 18.1 [10.0;64.5] | 17.5 [9.14;48.0] | 15.3 [13.4;56.9] | 20.3 [10.4;65.6] | 0.901 | 70 | |
| D-Dimer (μg/mL) | 2.76 [2.14;3.69] | 2.67 [2.02;3.96] | 2.56 [1.97;3.48] | 2.76 [2.39;4.02] | 0.290 | 70 | |
| CD4+ (counts/mL) | 397 [337;466] | 358 [344;427] | 403 [318;466] | 422 [338;476] | 0.259 | 68 | |
| CD8+ (counts/mL) | 696 [507;870] | 734 [603;819] | 690 [507;877] | 657 [500;865] | 0.583 | 68 | |
| CD4/CD8 | 0.55 [0.42;0.83] | 0.49 [0.42;0.61] | 0.56 [0.40;0.67] | 0.57 [0.45;0.88] | 0.333 | 68 |
Age, weight, height, and LBP and were tested by ANOVA, categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact test, while non-normal continuous variables (BMI, CD4 + nadir, years with cART, diagnosis, and other clinical variables) were tested by Kruskal-Wallis. Third drug row refers to the class of the 3rd ARV drug they received INSTI, Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor; NNRTI, Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. All other variables represented as either count (percentage), or in the case of non-normally distributed as median-[Q1;Q3].