Figure 5.

SDA protects against Aβ-induced inflammation in rat hippocampal cells. H19-7 cells were pretreated with ALA, DHA, EPA, SDA, or BSA–ethanol vehicle control in the concentration of 100 μM for 48 h, then 30 μM Aβ1-40 and 100 ng/mL LPS were added into the medium for another 24 h incubation. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (A) IL-1β, (B) IL-6, and (C) TNFα and the mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators (D) IL-1β, (E) IL-6, (F) TNFα, (G) MCP-1, (H) COX-2, and (I) TLR4 in H19-7 cells induced by Aβ1-40 and LPS. Values were obtained from three independent experiments and were expressed as the means ± SEM. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, different from BSA–ethanol vehicle-treated control cells; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, different from Aβ- and LPS-treated cells.