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. 2022 Nov 23;11(12):2318. doi: 10.3390/antiox11122318

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of FS and FSS on antioxidant biomarkers in CCl₄-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats (mean ± SE), n = 8. (A) GSH: Reduced glutathione, (B) MDA: Malondialdehyde, (C) CAT: Catalase, and (D) SOD: Superoxide dismutase, G1-G6: G1 (normal rats), G2 (positive control, CCl₄-injected), G3 (CCl₄-injected and received 300 mg kg⁻¹ of FS-AE orally). G4 (CCl₄-injected and received 600 mg kg⁻¹ of FS-AE orally), G5 (CCl₄-injected and received 300 mg kg⁻¹ of FSS-EE orally), and G6 (CCl₄-injected and received 600 mg kg⁻¹ of FSS-EE orally), ^a,b,c,d: Bars not sharing similar letters are significantly different (p > 0.05).