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. 2022 Nov 23;11(12):2318. doi: 10.3390/antiox11122318

Table 2.

GC-MS identification and quantification of volatile compounds in F. vulgare seeds and their 9-day prepared sprouts at 17 ± 1 °C and 90–93% RH, (mean ± SE), n = 3.

No. Rt Compound MW Chemical Formula Peak Area %
Raw Fennel Seed 6-Days Sprouts 9-Days Sprouts
1 6.50 α-Pinene 136 C10H16 0.44 1.14 -
2 7.63 (E)-3-Propylidenecyclopentene 108 C8H12 0.27 - -
3 8.21 α-Myrcene 136 C10H16 0.14 - -
4 9.21 1,7-Octadiene, 2-methyl-6-methylene-Cyclohexene 136 C10H16 7.17 - 3.32
5 9.55 α-Pinene 136 C10H16 0.17 0.19 0.1
6 10.13 ç-Terpinene 136 C10H16 0.1 - -
7 10.95 Fenchone 152 C10H16O 11.18 14.19 7.42
8 11.24 2,6,10-trimethyl-tridecane 226 C16H34 0.14 0.13 -
9 11.96 cis-Verbenol 152 C10H16O 0.07 - -
10 12.28 cis-Limonene oxide 152 C10H16O 0.08 0.1 -
11 12.41 trans-Limonene oxide 152 C10H16O 0.09 0.1 0.06
12 12.54 Naphthalene, decahydro-2-methyl 152 C11H20 0.19 0.2 0.16
13 14.30 trans-Anethole (Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)) 148 C10H12O 23.65 33.47 22.89
14 15.10 Exobornyl acetate 168 C12H20O2 0.1 - 0.09
15 15.45 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl) 150 C10H14O 0.13 - -
16 15.82 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde (4-Anisaldehyde) 136 C8H8O2 1.45 2.38 2.32
17 15.87 Hydrazine, phenyl, monohydrochloride 144 C6H9ClN2 1.81
18 16.77 Benzene, [1-(2-propenyloxy)-3-butenyl] (trans-Anethole) 188 C13H16O 38.41 19.01 42.32
19 19.20 (4R,5S)-1-Ethoxy4methoxy-5-[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy]hept-1-yn-6-ene 304 C18H24O4 0.43 - 0.18
20 20.89 (3R,3aR)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-3-methyl-3aH-indene-3a-carbaldehyde 196 C11H16O 0.11 - 0.05
21 21.17 m-Anisic acid, 3,4-dichlorophenyl ester 296 C14H10Cl2O3 0.1 - -
22 23.35 1,2-Dimethyl-3-nitro-4-nitrosobenzene 180 C8H8N2O3 0.3 - -
23 23.47 Trans-2-Tridecenal 196 C13H24O 0.24 - 0.14
24 23.87 Benzeneacetic acid, α-hydroxy-4-methoxy 182 C9H10O4 1.65 3.18 3.34
25 24.03 z-isomer, 2-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-3-methoxynorbornane 168 C10H16O2 0.21 0.52 0.46
26 25.08 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl) propan-1-ol 166 C10H14O2 0.12 - -
27 25.76 Ethanone, 1-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-2,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl) 180 C11H16O2 0.26 - -
28 26.13 2-Propanone, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) 180 C10H12O3 1.8 0.98 0.51
29 26.55 (4-Methoxy-phenyl)-(2-nitrocyclohexyl)-methanol 265 C14H19NO4 0.19 0.11 0.52
30 26.87 4-Methoxyphenylethyleneglycol 168 C9H12O3 1.86 - -
31 32.21 Pentamethyl Pentaphenyl Cyclopentasiloxane 680 C35H40O5Si5 0.13 - -
32 34.08 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester 294 C19H34O2 0.11 0.23 0.18
33 34.2 6-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester 296 C19H36O2 0.23 0.59 0.89
34 35.35 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), ethyl ester 310 C20H38O2 0.09 0.09 0.75
35 35.57 4,4′-Di(3-butenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine 264 C18H20N2 3.12 - -
36 37.12 Benzaldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazone 148 C9H12N2 0.09 0.09 -
37 37.47 Z-7-Pentadecenol 226 C15H30O 0.08 0.12 -
38 39.63 Cyclohexane,1,1′-dodecylidenebis[4-methyl] 362 C26H50 0.11 - -
39 39.83 1-Ethyl-2-formyl-9-methy-l-4-oxo1,2,3,4-tetrahydr-o-α-carboline 256 C15H16N2O2 0.2 0.2 0.13
40 40.04 6-Methyl-6-(3′-isopropeny-l-2′-methyl-cycloprop-1′-en1′-yl)-2-heptanol 222 C15H26O 0.15 - -
41 40.36 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) 282 C18H34O2 0.29 0.22 0.24
42 40.61 Ethanol, 2-ethoxy, acetate (6-Tridecene) 139 C9H15D2N 0.08 - -
43 41.7 Tert-Butyl ester of 3,4-Dimethyl-5-(2-nitroethyl)-pyrrol-2-carboxylic acid 268 C13H20N2O4 0.14 - -
45 41.9 1-(p-hydroxy tolyl) propan-1-ol (impure) 166 C10H14O2 0.08 0.17 -
46 42.46 Ethanone, 2-hydroxy-1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) 272 C16H16O4 0.19 - -
47 42.8 Ethanone, 2-hydroxy-1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) 272 C16H16O4 0.17 - -
48 43.54 Nonacosane 408 C29H60 0.08 0.15 0.08
49 46.28 Docosane 310 C22H46 0.1 0.11 -
50 48.79 2-Diisobutylcarbamoyl-cyclohexane carboxylic acid, decyl ester 423 C26H49NO3 1.57 - -
51 51.15 {[3E)-2-[(Dimethylcarbamoyl)methyl]-3-ethylidene-13,17-bis[2′(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,3dihydroporphytinato]}vzinc (II) 713 C38H43N5O5Zn 0.08 - -
52 - unknown - - 0.05 0.17 0.01
Total 100