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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 22.
Published in final edited form as: Eur Urol. 2019 Jan 15;75(4):637–646. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.12.043

Table 1 –

Examples of interactions between human-associated bacteria and therapeutic agents used in the treatment of genitourinary cancers

Therapeutic agents altered by bacteria Therapeutic influence Reference(s)
Gemcitabine Efficacy decreased by select bacteria PMID: 26416623, PMID: 28912244
Doxorubicin Efficacy decreased by select bacteria PMID: 26416623
Etoposide phosphate Efficacy decreased by select bacteria PMID: 26416623
Mitoxantrone Efficacy decreased by select bacteria PMID: 26416623
Floxuridine Efficacy increased by select bacteria PMID: 28431244
α-PD-1 immunotherapy Efficacy increased by select bacteria PMID: 29097493, PMID: 29302014, PMID: 29097494
Therapeutic agents that inhibit bacteria Relationship Reference(s)
Gemcitabine Bacteriostatic PMID: 29555994, PMID: 27575730
Methotrexate Bacteriostatic PMID: 29555994, PMID: 6704313
Doxorubicin hydrochloride Bacteriostatic PMID: 29555994, PMID: 27575730
Paclitaxel Bacteriostatic PMID: 29555994
5-Fluorouracil Bacteriostatic PMID: 29555994, PMID: 2416271, PMID: 6704313, PMID: 6704313, PMID: 27575730
Gefitinib Bacteriostatic PMID: 29555994
Etoposide Bacteriostatic PMID: 29555994, PMID: 2416271, PMID: 3196009
Floxuridine Bacteriostatic PMID: 29555994, PMID: 27025633
Cisplatin Bacteriostatic, cytotoxic PMID: 14287410, PMID: 8637503
Carboplatin Cytotoxic PMID: 8637503
Mitomycin Bacteriostatic PMID: 2416271, PMID: 6704313