Table 1.

Demographic and clinical features of patients with severe infections caused by DTR-PA treated with combination therapy including fosfomycin plus novel beta-lactams.

ID Cases	Age/Sex	Ward	Type of Infection	Fosfomycin MIC (mg/L)	Fosfomycin Dosage	AUC/MIC Ratio (mg/L∙h)	Fosfomycin Dosing Adjustment	Beta-Lactam Co-Treatment	Beta-Lactam MIC (mg/L)	Average fCss/MIC Ratio or fCmin/MIC Ratio	Beta-Lactam Dosing Adjustment	Joint PK/PD Target	Microbiological Eradication	30-Day Mortality
DTR Pseudomonas aeruginosa
#1	27/F	Infectious disease unit	HAP	64	8 g LD 16 g/day CI	92.0	No	Cefiderocol 2 g q8h (EI)	1	19.7	No	Optimal	Yes	No
#2	61/F	ICU	VAP	256	8 g LD 16 g/day CI	32.4	No	CAZ-AVI 2.5 g q8h CI	8	5.9 (avibactam fCss 8.4 mg/L)	No	Quasi-optimal	No	Yes
#3	75/M	ICU	BSI + VAP	32	8 g LD 16 g/day CI	471.4	Reduction (12 g/day CI)	Cefiderocol 2 g q8h (EI)	2	23.2	Reduction 1 g q8h (EI 3h)	Optimal	Yes	No
#4	35/M	Haematology + ICU	BSI	64	8 g LD 24 g/day CI	180.2	No	Cefiderocol 2 g q6h (EI)	8	0.9	Increase 2 g q6h CI	Quasi-optimal	Yes	No
#5	69/M	ICU	BSI + VAP	32	8 g LD 16 g/day CI	626.6	Reduction (12 g/day CI)	Cefiderocol 2 g q8h (EI)	2	6.3	No	Optimal	Yes	No
#6	79/M	ICU	VAP	32	8 g LD 16 g/day CI	458.3	No	CAZ-AVI 2.5 g q8h CI	8	14.9 (avibactam fCss 27.6 mg/L)	Reduction 1.25 g q8h CI	Optimal	Yes	Yes

AUC: area-under-the-curve; CAZ-AVI: ceftazidime-avibactam; CI: continuous infusion; C_min: trough concentrations; C_ss: steady-state concentration; EI: extended infusion; HAP: hospital-acquired pneumonia; ICU: intensive care unit; LD: loading dose; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; PK/PD: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic; VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia. Green box: achievement of optimal PK/PD targets (or microbiological eradication for microbiological outcome); yellow box: achievement of quasi-optimal PK/PD targets; red box: achievement of suboptimal PK/PD targets (or microbiological failure for microbiological outcome).