Table 2.

C. burnetii DNA detected in milk samples from goat herds.

Country (Area)	Study Period	Type of Sample	Number of Samples	Test	Prevalence (%)	Reference
Belgium	2009–2013	BTM a	1924	Real-time PCR	12.1	[106]
France	-	BTM a	120	PCR	19.0	[105]
Iran	2008	BTM a	110	Nested PCR	4.5	[107]
Italy	2018–2020	Milk	68	PCR	25.0	[108]
		Cheese	15	PCR	6.7
Poland	-	BTM a	35	Real-time PCR	54.3	[109]
Portugal	2009–2013	BTM a	12	Real-time PCR	0.0	[110]
Switzerland	2006	Milk	39	Nested PCR	0.0	[111]
The Gambia	2012	Milk	33	PCR	2.94	[112]
The Netherlands	2008	BTM a	292	Real-time PCR	32.9	[113]
Turkey	-	Milk	50	PCR	4.0	[114]
USA	2012	Milk	387	Real-time PCR	2.5	[115]

^a BTM—bulk tank milk.