Table 4.
Individual seroprevalence of C. burnetii in goats.
| Country (Area) | Study Period | Type of Sample | Sampling Method | Number of Samples | Test | Cut-Off Value | Prevalence (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 1995–1997 | Serum | - | 443 | ELISA | 0.4 | 8.8 | [136] |
| Bangladesh | 2009–2010 | Serum | Convenience | 529 | ELISA | 0.4 | 0.8 | [137] |
| Brazil | 2014–2015 | Serum | Convenience | 312 | ELISA | 0.4 | 55.1 | [138] |
| Canada | 2010–2012 | Serum | Multi-stage random | 2195 | ELISA | 0.4 | 32.5 | [123] |
| Ethiopia | - | Serum | Multi-stage random | 293 | ELISA | 0.4 | 35.5 | [139] |
| Great Britain | 2008 | Serum | Random stratified | 522 | ELISA | 0.4 | 0.8 | [124] |
| Greece | 2014–2015 | Serum | Convenience | 800 | ELISA | 0.4 | 14.4 | [140] |
| India | - | Serum | Convenience | 53 | ELISA | 0.4 | 5.7 | [141] |
| Iran | - | Serum | Multi-stage random | 241 | ELISA | 0.4 | 22.4 | [142] |
| Ireland (Republic of) | 2005–2007 | Serum | Random | 590 | ELISA | 0.4 | 0.3 | [125] |
| Italy | 2012 | Serum | Multi-stage random | 3185 | ELISA | 0.4 | 25.7 | [126] |
| Ivory Coast | 2012–2014 | Serum | Cluster | 622 | ELISA | 0.4 | 12.4 | [143] |
| Kenya | 2013 | Serum | Random | 280 | ELISA | 0.4 | 18.2 | [144] |
| Lebanon | 2014 | Serum | Random | 384 | ELISA | 0.4 | 17.2 | [127] |
| Reunion Island | 2011–2012 | Serum | Random | 134 | ELISA | 0.4 | 13.4 | [135] |
| Portugal | 2011 | Serum | Random | - | ELISA | 0.4 | 10.4 | [129] |
| Spain | 2007–2008 | Serum | Random | 115 | ELISA | 0.40 | 8.7 | [130] |
| Spain | 2015–2018 | Serum | Random | 135 | ELISA | 0.4 | 24.4 | [145] |
| Switzerland | 2011 | Serum | Random stratified | 321 | ELISA | 0.4 | 3.4 | [132] |
| The Gambia | 2012 | Serum | Multi-stage random | 484 | ELISA | 0.4 | 24.2 | [112] |
| The Netherlands | 2008 | Serum | Random | 3134 | ELISA | 0.4 | 7.8 | [133] |
| USA | 2012–2014 | Serum | Random | 608 | ELISA | 0.4 | 3.8 | [115] |
| Vietnam | 2016–2017 | Serum | Random | 1458 | ELISA | 0.4 | 4.1 | [146] |