Table 2.
Immune-mediated cytopenia triggered by COVID-19.
| Immune Mediated Cytopenia | Reference | Median Hb/PLT Value at Nadir |
N. of Patients |
Management of the Cytopenia | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIHA (warm and cold antibodies) | [36] | 7 g/dL | 7 (3 CAD) | Steroid, Rituximab, Transfusion | 3 remission, 4 ongoing at the time of publication |
| [37] | 5.3 g/dL | 1 (CAD) | Transfusion | Death | |
| [38] | 1.6 g/dL | 1 (mixed Abs) | Transfusion, steroid, Rituximab | Remission | |
| [39] | 6.9 g/dL | 1 (CAD) | Transfusion | Remission | |
| [40] | 7.1 g/dL | 2 (CAD) | Transfusion | Remission | |
| [41] | 7.3 g/dL | 3 (1 CAD) | Steroid, transfusion | Remission | |
| ITP | [25] | 2000/mmc | 1 | IVIg, steroid, transfusion, Rituximab | Remission |
| [26] | 20,000/mmc | 2 | Steroid | Remission | |
| [27] | 17,000/mmc | 3 | IVIg | Remission | |
| [28] | 9000/mmc | 1 | IVIg | Remission | |
| [29] | 3000/mmc | 3 | Transfusion, IVIg, steroid | 2 remissions, 1 death | |
| PNH | [30] | 6.5 g/dL | 1 | Eculizumab | Remission |
| [31] | 8.9 g/dL | 1 | Eculizumab | Remission | |
| [32] | 9.8 g/dL | 1 | Steroid | Remission | |
| [33] | NA | 4 | Eculizumab, Ravulizumab, transfusion | 3 remissions, 1 ongoing at the time of publication | |
| [34] | NA | 3 | Eculizumab | Remission | |
| [35] | NA | 4 | Eculizumab, Ravulizumab | Remission |
AIHA: autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ITP: immune thrombocytopenic purpura, PNH: paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, CAD: cold agglutinin disease; IVIg: intravenous immunoglobulin; Hb: hemoglobin; PLT: platelets; g/dL: grams per deciliter; mmc: cubic millimeter.