Table 3.
ALPS-index and neuroimaging features in the NC, CSVD-non-CI, CSVD-MCI, and CSVD-VaD groups.
| Variables | NC Group (n = 52) |
CSVS-Non-CI Group (n = 56) |
CSVD-MCI Group (n = 52) |
CSVD-VaD Group (n = 29) |
Statistics | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALPS-index (mean ± s. d.) | 1.76 ± 0.18 | 1.64 ± 0.20 | 1.52 ± 0.20 | 1.44 ± 0.26 | 13.706 | <0.001 b–e |
| neuroimaging features | ||||||
| WMH volume (mL, median (interquartile range)) |
0.93 (0.87) | 6.65 (8.84) | 8.00 (15.69) | 13.14 (34.93) | 95.429 | <0.001 a–c,e |
| CMB numbers median (interquartile range) |
0 | 0 (2.00) | 0 (5.00) | 2.00 (28.00) | 56.604 | <0.001 a–c,e,f |
| LI numbers median (interquartile range) |
0 | 0 (1.00) | 1.00 (2.00) | 1.00 (2.00) | 54.170 | <0.05 a–e |
| EPVS-bg, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 19 (33.9%) | 19 (36.5%) | 11 (37.9%) | 25.293 | <0.001 a–c |
| global gray matter volume (mL, mean ± s.d.) |
547.52 ± 46.58 | 546.67 ± 50.30 | 539.32 ± 51.20 | 543.96 ± 57.33 | 1.103 | 0.349 |
| global white matter volume (mL, mean ± s.d.) |
463.36 ± 60.50 | 466.46 ± 57.20 | 448.13 ± 52.42 | 449.37 ± 69.49 | 0.514 | 0.673 |
| cerebrospinal fluid volume (mL, mean ± s.d.) |
309.21 ± 37.08 | 337.38 ± 42.64 | 334.80 ± 56.48 | 341.77 ± 60.29 | 5.246 | 0.001 c |
The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze WMH volume, CMB numbers, and LI numbers. The Chi-square test was used to analyze EPVS-bg. A general linear modal (GLM) was used to analyze other variables, adjusted for gender, age, hypertension, and education years. Abbreviations: ALPS-index, the index of Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis along the Perivascular Space; NC, normal control; CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; CI, cognitive impairment; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; VaD, vascular dementia; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; CMB, cerebral microbleed; LI, lacunar infarction; EPVS-bg, enlarged perivascular space on basal ganglia; mL, milliliter; s.d., standard deviation. a remarkable difference between NC group and CSVD-non-CI group, b remarkable difference between NC group and CSVD-MCI group, c remarkable difference between NC group and CSVD-VaD group, d remarkable difference between CSVD-non-CI group and CSVD-MCI group, e remarkable difference between CSVD-non-CI group and CSVD-VaD group, f remarkable difference between CSVD-MCI group and CSVD-VaD group.