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Succinate stabilizes HIF1α by inhibiting its degradation. Succinate inhibits PHD leading to HIF1α stabilization and translocation to the nucleus. Subsequently, assembly of the HIF1 complex occurs and induction of hypoxic responses takes place. Red arrow denotes increased succinate concentration. HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor, PHD: prolyl hydroxylase, VHL: von Hippel–Lindau protein, Ub: ubiquitin protein, HRE: hypoxia response element.
