| SCFA | short-chain fatty acids |
| ND | normal diet |
| HFD | high fat diet |
| TRPV1 | transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 |
| GLP-1 | glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| GIP | gastric inhibitory polypeptide |
| CB1 | cannabinoid receptor 1 |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| ZO-1 | zonula occludens 1 |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| TNF-γ | tumor necrosis factor-gamma |
| TMAO | trimetlylamine oxide |
| Th1 | helper T cell 1 |
| Th17 | helper T cell 17 |
| GPT | glutamic-pyruvic transaminase |
| GOT | glutamic oxaloacetic transa minase |
| TCHO | total cholesterol |
| LDL-c | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| GSH | glutathione |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| GR | glutathione reductase |
| GST | glutathione S-transferase |
| GSSG | oxidized glutathione |
| LCA | lithocholic acid |
| TGR5 | takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 |
| 4-HPA | 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid |
| 3-HPP | 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid |
| TLR4 | toll-like receptor 4 |
| MyD88 | myeloid differentiation factor 88 |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| HOMA-IR | homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance |
| γBB | γ-butyrobetaine |
| TMA | trimethylamine |
| EGCG | epigallocatechin gallate |
| GCG | gallocatechin galleate |