Table 1.
Baseline demographics and medication use
| Variable | Total (n=60) | Severe COVID-19 (n=34) | Mild/Moderate COVID-19 (n=26) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 44.23±11.08 | 44.32±11.71 | 41.88±10.86 | 0.413 |
| Male | 49 (81.7%) | 28 (82.4%) | 21 (80.3%) | 0.999 |
| Time since transplant to SARS-CoV-2 positivity (months) | 64.5 [27-87] | 61.5 [22-87] | 66 [35-96.5] | 0.794 |
| Days from SARS-CoV-2 positivity until last follow-up or death | 42.5 [21-81] | 36 [12-70] | 45 [21.5-91] | — |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus (pre- or posttransplant) | 24 (40%) | 14 (41.2%) | 10 (38.5%) | 0.834 |
| Hypertension | 43 (71.1%) | 28 (82.2%) | 15 (57.7%) | 0.036 |
| Heart disease | 4 (6.7%) | 3 (8.8%) | 1 (3.8%) | 0.626 |
| Lung disease | 10 (16.7%) | 5 (14.6%) | 5 (19.2%) | 0.733 |
| Tuberculosis (active or historical) | 16 (26.7%) | 8 (23.5%) | 8 (30.8%) | 0.531 |
| Smoker | 4 (6.7%) | 2 (5.9%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0.999 |
| Type of transplant (LRDT vs. DDT) | 51 (85%) | 29 (85.4%) | 22 (84.6%) | 1 |
| Kidney from marginal donors* | 4/53 (7.5%) | 1/27 (3.7%) | 3/26 (11.5%) | 0.352 |
| Etiology of kidney disease | ||||
| Diabetes | 3 (5.0%) | 2 (5.9%) | 1 (3.8%) | |
| Glomerular | 8 (13.3%) | 4 (11.7%) | 4 (15.3%) | |
| Polycystic kidney disease | 2 (3.3%) | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (3.8%) | — |
| CAKUT | 8 (13.3%) | 5 (14.7%) | 3 (11.5%) | |
| Unknown | 37 (61.6%) | 22 (64.7%) | 15 (57.7%) | |
| Others | 2 (3.3%) | 0 | 2 (7.7%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.73±5.27 | 24.51±4.59 | 25.01±6.07 | 0.719 |
| Medications | ||||
| Antibody induction (antithymocyte globulin/basiliximab/grafalon) | 31 (52.5%) | 18 (54.5%) | 13 (50%) | 0.796 |
| Calcineurin inhibitor | 56 (93.3%) | 33 (97.1%) | 23 (88.5%) | 0.307 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 47 (78.3%) | 25 (73.5%) | 22 (84.6%) | 0.302 |
| Azathioprine | 8 (13.3%) | 5 (14.7%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0.719 |
| mTOR inhibitor | 3 (5.0%) | 2 (5.8%) | 1 (3.8%) | 1 |
| Steroids | 60 (100%) | 34 (100%) | 26 (100%) | — |
| ACEi/ARB | 10 (16.7%) | 3 (8.8%) | 7 (26.9%) | 0.085 |
| Baseline eGFR (CKD-EPI mL/minute/1.73 m2) | 57.90±20.43 | 55.47±20.08 | 61.08±19.75 | 0.296 |
| Baseline proteinuria (>500 mg/day) | 17 (28.3%) | 14 (41.2%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0.012 |
| Historical allograft rejection | 20 (33.3%) | 15 (44.1%) | 5 (19.5%) | 0.043 |
| Blood group | ||||
| O+ | 18/51 (35.3%) | 10/27 (37.2%) | 8/24 (33.3%) | 0.826 |
| A+ | 10/51 (19.6%) | 4/27 (14.8%) | 6/24 (25%) | |
| B+ | 21/51 (41.2%) | 12/27 (44.4%) | 9/24 (37.4%) | |
| AB+ | 2/51 (3.9%) | 1/27 (3.7%) | 1/24 (4.2%) |
COVID-19 - coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2 - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; CAKUT - congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract; BMI - body mass index; LRDT - Living-related donor transplant; DDT - deceased donor transplant; mTOR - mechanistic target of rapamycin; ACEi - angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB - angiotensin II receptor blockers; eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD-EPI - Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. *Data were not available for marginal donors (n=7), blood group (n=9)