Table 2.
Clinical presentation and laboratory parameters
| Variable | Total (n=60) | Severe COVID-19 (n=34) | Mild/Moderate COVID-19 (n=26) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters at admission | ||||
| Fever | 54 (90%) | 33 (97%) | 21 (80.8%) | 0.076 |
| Dyspnea | 36 (60%) | 31 (91.2%) | 5 (19.2%) | <0.001 |
| Diarrhea | 31 (51.7%) | 19 (55.9%) | 12 (46.2%) | 0.455 |
| Systolic BP | 122.17±22.06 | 124.47±25.88 | 119.16±15.85 | 0.347 |
| Diastolic BP | 75.45±16.19 | 76.06±18.10 | 74.58±13.6 | 0.734 |
| Pulse | 104.2±15.52 | 106.1±15.29 | 101.69±15.82 | 0.266 |
| Respiratory rate | 20 [18-27] | 22.5 [20-31] | 18 [16-20] | <0.001 |
| Presence of orthostatic hypotension* | 17/48 (35.4%) | 9/26 (34.6%) | 8/22 (36.3%) | 0.714 |
| SOFA Score on admission Median [IQR] | 3 [1-5] | 4 [2.75-6] | 1.5 [1-3] | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.27±2.39 | 10.58±2.46 | 12.15±2.09 | 0.012 |
| White blood cell count (× 109/L) | 5.76 [3.40-7.00] | 4.70 [3.18-6.74] | 5.91 [4.22-7.24] | 0.177 |
| Lymphocyte count (per µL) | 8.60 [4.85-12.90] | 9.00 [4.85-13.00] | 6.94 [4.95-12.00] | 0.475 |
| Platelet count (× 109/L) | 1.5 [1.10-2.21] | 1.40 [1.11-2.53] | 1.62 [1.08-2.05] | 0.897 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.1 [1.4-3.3] | 2.32 [1.4-4.24] | 1.67 [1.44-2.48] | 0.160 |
| SpO2 at admission | 97 [94-98] | 95 [90-98] | 98 [97-98] | 0.003 |
| Worst parameters during the course of illness | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.91±2.52 | 9.11±2.67 | 10.90±1.95 | 0.006 |
| Drop in hemoglobin from baseline (g/dL) | 2.05±1.29 | 2.34±1.42 | 1.69±1.01 | 0.05 |
| White blood count (per µL) | 4.10 [2.77-5.61] | 3.30 [2.03-5.94] | 4.35 [3.20-4.95] | 0.260 |
| Lymphocyte count (per µL) | 6.84 [3.68-11.20] | 8.05 [3.50-12.60] | 6.35 [3.68-9.65] | 0.487 |
| Platelet count (× 109/L) | 1.35 [1.00-1.70] | 1.30 [0.75-1.60] | 1.35 [1.05-1.85] | 0.259 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 31 [22-50.75] | 47.5 [28.75-78.5] | 24.5 [19-34.75] | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.40 [1.70-4.70] | 3.00 [1.80-6.00] | 1.98 [1.67-2.65] | 0.022 |
| Serum bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 14 [11.8-18.5] | 13.0 [11-17] | 16.0 [13.25-19] | <0.037 |
| Serum sodium (mEq/L) | 129 [126-133] | 129 [124-133] | 129 [126-131] | 0.655 |
| Serum potassium (mEq/L) | 3.90 [3.450-4.54] | 3.95 [3.42-4.92] | 3.84 [3.45-4.45] | 0.822 |
| Aspartate transaminase (U/L) | 37 [24-56] | 44.5 [26.5-59.5] | 27 [23.5-43.5] | 0.176 |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 26 [14.5-46.25] | 29 [19-65] | 18 [13-34] | 0.079 |
| Diffuse (>50%) lung involvement on imaging | 22 (36.7%) | 22 (64.7%) | 0 | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 51.0 [23.6-97] | 86.75 [38-155] | 26 [14-57.1] | 0.002 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 685 [433-1123] | 855 [499-1375] | 487 [409.5-691] | 0.025 |
| D-Dimer (µg/ml)* | 0.89 [0.54-2.17] | 0.75 [0.41-2.24] | 1.18 [0.79-1.78] | 0.349 |
| Serum ferritin (µg/L) | 898 [400-1209] | 910 [467-1246] | 800 [346-1059] | 0.494 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 19.8 [8.91-189] | 25.95 [9.50-331.75] | 25.35 [7.12-120.3] | 0.456 |
| Presence of supratherapeutic tacrolimus trough levels (C0) | 13 (21.67%) | 7 (20.58%) | 6 (23.07%) | 0.995 |
| Median C0 level [IQR] | 5.92 [3.21-8.07] | — | — | — |
COVID-19 - coronavirus disease 2019; BP - blood pressure; SOFA - sequential organ failure assessment; SpO2 - oxygen saturation; IL - interleukin; IQR - interquartile range *Data missing for orthostatic hypotension (n=12); lung involvement (n=1); D-Dimer (n=40); C-reactive protein (n=17); lactate dehydrogenase (n=21); serum ferritin (n=42); interleukin-6 (n=45); tacrolimus trough levels C0 (n=25)