Table 3.
Management strategies and clinical outcomes
| Variable | Total (n=60) | Severe COVID-19 (n=34) | Mild/Moderate COVID-19 (n=26) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMF/AZA withdrawal* | 47/55 (85.45%) | 29/30 (96.67%) | 18/25 (72%) | 0.018 |
| CNI withdrawal or decrease# | 36/56 (64.3%) | 23/33 (69.7%) | 13/23 (56.5%) | 0.398 |
| Increased steroids | 32 (53.3%) | 27 (79.4%) | 5 (19.2%) | <0.001 |
| Antibiotics | 49 (81.7%) | 30 (88.2%) | 19 (73.1%) | 0.182 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 13 (21.7%) | 9 (26.5%) | 4 (15.4%) | 0.359 |
| Remdesivir | 17 (28.3%) | 14 (41.2%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0.012 |
| Tocilizumab | 2 (3.34%) | 2 (5.88%) | 0 | 0.999 |
| Azithromycin | 31 (51.7%) | 21 (61.8%) | 10 (38.5%) | 0.073 |
| Heparin | 37 (61.7%) | 28 (82.4%) | 9 (34.6%) | <0.001 |
| Total days of hospitalization | 12 [9-18] | 13 [10-20.5] | 11.5 [8.5-15.5] | 0.170 |
| Days of oxygen supplementation | 3 [0-6] | 5 [3.5-8.0] | 0 | <0.001 |
| Highest level of oxygen support required | ||||
| Nasal prongs/face mask/nonrebreathing mask | 21 (35%) | 21 (61.8%) | 0 | - |
| NIPPV/High-flow nasal oxygen | 3 (5%) | 3 (8.8%) | 0 | |
| Intubation | 8 (13.3%) | 8 (23.5%) | 0 | |
| Inotropes requirement Hypotension | 8 (13.3%) | 8 (23.5%) | 0 | 0.030 |
| Acute graft injury [KDIGO Stage 3] | 17 (28.3%) | 16 (47.1%) | 1 (3.8%) | <0.001 |
| Hemodialysis | 9 (15%) | 9 (26.5%) | 0 | 0.004 |
| Death | 8 (13.3%) | 8 (23.5%) | 0 | 0.008 |
| Readmission | 2 (3.34%) | 2 (5.88%) | 0 | — |
| On hemodialysis >1 months | 4 (6.67%) | 4 (11.76%) | 0 | 0.095 |
COVID-19 - coronavirus disease 2019; MMF - mycophenolate mofetil, AZA - azathioprine, CNI - calcineurin inhibitor; NIPPV - noninvasive positive pressure ventilation KDIGO - kidney diseases improving global outcomes. *Not on antimetabolite: n=5; Decreased AZA but not stopped for n=1; # Not on CNI: n=4