Table 1.

Multimodal muscle axis presentation with BPC 157 therapy confronted with various muscular disabilities. Note, BPC 157 therapy ranges within 10 µg and 10 ng/kg (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, molecular weight 1419; Diagen, Slovenia).

Therapy Effect	Ref.
Striated muscle
Recovered myotendinous junction	[43]
Recovered muscle injuries	[43,44,45,46,47,48]
Recovered tendon injuries	[48,58,59,94,95,96,97]
Recovered ligament injuries	[98]
Recovered bone injuries	[99,100,101]
Recovered vascular occlusion and occlusion-like disturbances	[66,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82]
Recovered succinylcholine-induced disturbances	[102]
Recovered local anesthetic-induced disturbances	[103,104]
Recovered severe electrolyte-induced disturbances	[19,55,80,105,106]
Recovered disabled dopamine-, serotonin- and NO-system disturbances	[23,24,25,26,30,51,52,53,54,55,56,57]
Recovered spinal cord compression muscular disabilities	[28,29]
Recovered stroke muscular disabilities	[20]
Recovered traumatic brain injury muscular disabilities	[21]
Recovered reserpine muscular disabilities	[30]
Recovered MPTP (Parkinson-like) muscular disabilities	[30]
Recovered cuprizone (multiple sclerosis-like) muscular disabilities	[31]
Recovered tumor-induced cachexia	[10]
Smooth muscle
Recovered function of disabled sphincters	[55,73,91,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118]
Maintained normal sphincters’ function	[107,116,117]
Controlled adaptation, recovery of the short bowel rats	[18,119]
Heart
Recovery from heart failure as whole	[66,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82]
This might include the various counteracted arrhythmias and thromboses, or even blood pressures disturbances (intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension), or hypertension (hyperkalemia, NOS-blockade, attenuated/eliminated peripherally and centrally).	[66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,80,81,82,102,103,105,106,122,123,154]