Figure 2.

Summary of the Effects of Exercise, Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP), Whole-Body Vibration (WBV), and Whole-Body Periodic Acceleration (WBPA also known as pGz) on Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (IRI), Cardiac Arrest (CA), and E. Coli endotoxin induced Sepsis-like syndrome (LPS). Summary table of the effects of four noninvasive methods to induce pulsatile shear stress (PSS), and conditions, that increase endothelial activation and decrease microvascular flow; Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (IRI), cardiac arrest (CA), and sepsis/E. Coli endotoxin induced sepsis like syndrome (LPS). For each intervention, a summary of the changes is provided, when the method to induce PSS is performed as a pretreatment (preconditioning) or posttreatment (postconditioning) strategy, in A (Animals), H (Humans). Abbreviations: ↑ = increase, ↓ = decrease, MI = Myocardial Infarction, VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor, TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1β = interleukin1-beta, IL-6 = interleukin 6, IL-17 = interleukin 17, IL-10 = interleukin 10, IL1-ra = interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, MCP-1 = Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, sVCAM-1 = soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, TIE2 = endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase family, eNOS = endothelial derived nitric oxide synthase, NFƙβ-p65 = nuclear factor kappa beta p65 subunit, VF = ventricular fibrillation, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, EF = Ejection Fraction. [100,101,102,103,114,115,116,117,121,122,125,126,128,129,133,134,138,139,140,141,143,160,161,162,166,172,175,177,178,179,182,183,184,185,186,188,189].