Figure 1.

Evolution of wearable devices. The wisdom ring was developed in the 17th century [1]. In July 1925, Hugo Gernsback invented the isolation helmet [2]. In 1957, Morton Helig created the Telesphere Mask [3]. In June 1961, Edward Thorp and Claude Shannon invented the first portable computer [4]. In 1963, Hugo Gernsback designed a pair of TV glasses [5]. In 1975, the first computer watch was released. In the 1980s, the Walkman and knapsack computer were launched [1]. In 1994, Steve Mann developed head-mounted smart glasses [6]. In the 2000s, the iPod and Bluetooth were introduced. In 2002 and 2007, wearable PCs and the Fitbit were released. Since 2010, health watches, Google Glasses, Apple watches, and Oculus Rift headsets have been developed [1]. Since 2020, neuroprosthetics, smart contact lenses and other wearables have been investigated.