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(A) Design and mechanism of E2 aptasensing technique based on graphene–aptamer complex and DNase 1 enzyme. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [44]. copyright © 2022, Elsevier, (B) Fabrication and mechanism of E2 aptasensor composed of aptamer fragments (AF1, AF2) and oligonucleotides (ON1, ON2). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [43]. copyright © 2022, Elsevier.
