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. 2022 Dec 2;12(12):1117. doi: 10.3390/bios12121117

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Electrochemical aptasensors based on gold electrode platforms for E2 detection. The gold-based aptasensor electrode platforms are the (A) gold/streptavidin/biotin–aptamer electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [35] copyright © 2022, Elsevier, (B) gold/PEDOT/AuNPs/streptavidin/biotin–aptamer electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [47] copyright © 2022, MDPI, (C) gold–aptamer electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [38] copyright © 2022, The Royal Society of Chemistry, (D) dendritic gold/BDD electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [37] copyright © 2022, Elsevier, (E) gold/nickel hexacyanoferrate/Au NPs electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [48] copyright © 2022, Elsevier, (F) gold-split aptamer electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [49] copyright © 2022, Elsevier. The gold–thiol bond aptamer immobilization strategy was implemented for gold-based electrodes.