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. 2022 Dec 2;12(12):1117. doi: 10.3390/bios12121117

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Electrochemical aptasensors based on carbon-based electrode platforms for E2 detection. The carbon-based aptasensor electrode platforms are the (A) glassy carbon/pyrrole (Py) and 3-pyrroleacrylic acid (PAA) (poly(Py-co-PAA)–aptamer electrodes. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [39]. copyright © 2022, Elsevier, (B) screen-printed carbon/poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (PPYPA)–aptamer. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [53]. copyright © 2022, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, (C) glassy carbon/ERGO/diazonium salt (ClN₂+–Ph–COOH)-aptamer electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [13]. copyright © 2022, The Royal Society of Chemistry, (D) SPCE/CDs/glutaraldehyde–aptamer electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [40]. copyright © 2022, MDPI, (E) Amine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube/new methylene blue/gold–aptamer electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [54]. copyright © 2022, American Chemical Society. The carbodiimide interaction aptamer immobilization strategy was implemented for (A–C) through glutaraldehyde crosslinker for (D); through gold–thiol for (E) carbon-based electrodes.