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. 2022 Nov 30;12(12):1792. doi: 10.3390/biom12121792

Figure 4.

Figure 4

HS-tau interaction. (A). The major HS binding sites are located in R2 and PRR2 regions of tau, based on chemical shift perturbation (CS) caused by a heparin 7mer (adapted from Murray et al. [108]). (B). Tau secretion from the presynaptic neuron through an unconventional pathway is facilitated by cell surface HSPGs. (C). Tau at 50 ng/mL binds to the mouse lung endothelial cell surface. Heparin inhibits tau protein binding to the cell surface dose-dependently and reaches a plateau at 500 ng/mL. ****, p value < 0.0001 in ANOVA multiple group analysis (D). 3-O-sulfation of HS enhances tau protein cell surface binding and cellular uptake. (E). 6-O-sulfation of HS enhances tau protein cellular uptake. (F). 2-O-sulfation of HS enhances the tau aggregation.