Figure 2.
Effects of Arecae Pericarpium ethanol extract on glutamate-induced intracellular ROS production in HT22 cells. Cells were pretreated with APE at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, or 200 μg/mL and then with 5 mM glutamate. H2DCFDA (20 μM), an oxidation-sensitive fluorescent dye, was used to assess ROS levels. The expression of ROS was determined using a fluorescence microscope and fluorescence microplate reader. Scale bar = 100 μm. Control was non-treated cells. All experiments were repeated at least three times, and similar results were obtained. Data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical significance was set at # p < 0.05 (vs. control) and † p < 0.001 (vs. glutamate). APE, Arecae Pericarpium ethanol extract; Con, control; Glu, glutamate; ROS, reactive oxygen species.