Table 1.
Comparison of the injury and patient characteristics of death and survival patients in the study population.
| Variables | Death n = 134 |
Survival n = 1213 |
OR (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 46 (34.3) | 391 (32.2) | 1.10 (0.75–1.60) | 0.623 |
| Age, years | 62.4 ± 18.7 | 56.0 ± 19.3 | — | <0.001 |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| SAH, n (%) | 52 (38.8) | 546 (45.0) | 0.78 (0.54–1.12) | 0.170 |
| SDH, n (%) | 93 (69.4) | 729 (60.1) | 1.51 (1.03–2.21) | 0.036 |
| EDH, n (%) | 16 (11.9) | 193 (15.9) | 0.72 (0.42–1.24) | 0.228 |
| ICH, n (%) | 44 (32.8) | 353 (29.1) | 1.19 (0.81–1.74) | 0.368 |
| De Ritis ratio (1st) | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | — | <0.001 |
| AST, (U/L) | 81.1 ± 84.1 | 97.2 ± 217.0 | — | 0.395 |
| ALT, (U/L) | 46.6 ± 53.2 | 62.0 ± 98.7 | — | 0.005 |
| De Ritis ratio (2nd) | 3.3 ± 5.9 | 1.6 ± 3.3 | — | 0.001 |
| AST, (U/L) | 167.0 ± 411.5 | 55.3 ± 98.3 | — | 0.002 |
| ALT, (U/L) | 173.6 ± 720.7 | 51.4 ± 175.3 | — | 0.053 |
| ΔDDR | 1.4 ± 5.8 | –0.1 ± 3.3 | — | 0.004 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| CVA, n (%) | 12 (9.0) | 55 (4.5) | 2.07 (1.08–3.97) | 0.025 |
| HTN, n (%) | 58 (43.3) | 410 (33.8) | 1.50 (1.04–2.15) | 0.029 |
| CAD, n (%) | 17 (2.7) | 76 (6.3) | 2.17 (1.24–3.80) | 0.005 |
| CHF, n (%) | 2 (1.5) | 7 (0.6) | 2.61 (0.54–12.70) | 0.217 |
| DM, n (%) | 29 (21.6) | 219 (18.1) | 1.25 (0.81–1.94) | 0.309 |
| ESRD, n (%) | 14 (10.4) | 23 (1.9) | 6.04 (3.03–12.04) | <0.001 |
| GCS, median (IQR) | 7 (3–15) | 13 (7–15) | — | <0.001 |
| 3–8 | 81 (60.4) | 371 (30.6) | 3.47 (2.40–5.01) | <0.001 |
| 9–12 | 12 (9.0) | 210 (17.3) | 0.47 (0.26–0.87) | 0.013 |
| 13–15 | 41 (30.6) | 632 (52.1) | 0.41 (0.28–0.60) | <0.001 |
| ISS, median (IQR) | 25 (20–31) | 20 (16–25) | — | <0.001 |
| 1–15 | 4 (3.0) | 112 (9.2) | 0.30 (0.11–0.83) | 0.014 |
| 16–24 | 33 (24.6) | 633 (52.2) | 0.30 (0.20–0.45) | <0.001 |
| ≥25 | 97 (72.4) | 468 (38.6) | 4.17 (2.81–6.20) | <0.001 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; ΔDDR, delta De Ritis ratio (i.e., 2nd De Ritis ratio minus 1st De Ritis ratio); DM, diabetes mellitus; EDH, epidural hemorrhage; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HTN, hypertension; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; IQR, interquartile range; ISS, injury severity score; OR, odds ratio; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; SDH, subdural hemorrhage.