Table 4.
Comparison of the injury, characteristics and outcomes of patients with a ΔDDR ≥0.7 vs. those with a ΔDDR < 0.7.
| Variables | ΔDDR | OR (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥0.7 n = 153 |
<0.7 n = 1194 |
|||
| Female, n (%) | 47 (30.7) | 390 (32.7) | 0.91 (0.64–1.32) | 0.629 |
| Age, years | 61.9 ± 19.3 | 56.0 ± 19.2 | — | <0.001 |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| SAH, n (%) | 64 (41.8) | 534 (44.7) | 0.89 (0.63–1.25) | 0.498 |
| SDH, n (%) | 108 (70.6) | 714 (59.8) | 1.61 (1.12–2.33) | 0.010 |
| EDH, n (%) | 22 (14.4) | 187 (15.7) | 0.90 (0.56–1.46) | 0.680 |
| ICH, n (%) | 51 (33.3) | 346 (29.0) | 1.23 (0.86–1.75) | 0.266 |
| De Ritis ratio (1st) | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | — | 0.961 |
| AST, (U/L) | 59.6 ± 69.2 | 100.2 ± 218.7 | — | 0.023 |
| ALT, (U/L) | 39.2 ± 45.6 | 63.2 ± 99.6 | — | 0.003 |
| De Ritis ratio (2nd) | 5.2 ± 10.2 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | — | <0.001 |
| AST, (U/L) | 130.9 ± 290.3 | 58.2 ± 136.4 | — | <0.001 |
| ALT, (U/L) | 93.5 ± 561.1 | 59.7 ± 224.4 | — | 0.165 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| CVA, n (%) | 9 (5.9) | 58 (4.9) | 1.22 (0.59–2.52) | 0.583 |
| HTN, n (%) | 77 (50.3) | 391 (32.7) | 2.08 (1.48–2.92) | <0.001 |
| CAD, n (%) | 15 (9.8) | 78 (6.5) | 1.56 (0.87–2.78) | 0.133 |
| CHF, n (%) | 3 (2.0) | 6 (0.5) | 3.96 (0.98–16.00) | 0.037 |
| DM, n (%) | 35 (22.9) | 213 (17.8) | 1.37 (0.91–2.05) | 0.130 |
| ESRD, n (%) | 15 (9.8) | 22 (1.8) | 5.79 (2.94–11.43) | <0.001 |
| GCS, median (IQR) | 11 (6–15) | 13 (7–15) | — | 0.031 |
| ≤8 | 66 (43.1) | 386 (32.3) | 1.59 (1.13–2.24) | 0.008 |
| 9–12 | 16 (10.5) | 206 (17.3) | 0.56 (0.33–0.96) | 0.033 |
| 13–15 | 71 (46.4) | 602 (50.4) | 0.85 (0.61–1.19) | 0.350 |
| ISS, median (IQR) | 25 (16–29) | 20 (16–25) | — | 0.001 |
| 1–15, n (%) | 4 (2.6) | 112 (9.4) | 0.26 (0.09–0.71) | 0.005 |
| 16–24, n (%) | 58 (37.9) | 608 (50.9) | 0.59 (0.42–0.83) | 0.002 |
| ≥25, n (%) | 91 (59.5) | 474 (39.7) | 2.23 (1.58–3.14) | <0.001 |
| Mortality, n (%) | 48 (31.4) | 86 (7.2) | 5.89 (3.93–8.84) | <0.001 |
| AOR of mortality | — | — | 4.21 (2.68–6.63) | <0.001 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; ΔDDR, delta De Ritis ratio (i.e., 2nd De Ritis ratio minus 1st De Ritis ratio); DM, diabetes mellitus; EDH, epidural hemorrhage; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HTN, hypertension; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; IQR, interquartile range; ISS, injury severity score; OR, odds ratio; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; SDH, subdural hemorrhage.