Figure 7.

Effects of long-term androgen deprivation in human LNCaP cells and in a clinical study. Gene set enrichment analysis of genes after 5 months of androgen deprivation as compared to control cells (GSE8702, [27]). (A) Genes associated with TNFα-mediated NF-κB signaling are significantly enriched by androgen deprivation. (B) Normalized enrichments scores (NES) of hallmark gene sets significantly enriched in androgen-deprived cells, including several inflammation-response pathways (p < 0.01). (C) Androgen depletion leads to a downregulation of androgen response genes. (D) Hallmark gene sets were significantly enriched in control cells as compared to androgen-deprived cells (p < 0.01); thus, were downregulated after androgen depletion for 5 months. (E,F) Survival data of patients with metastatic or locally advanced prostate cancer treated by prostatectomy, radiotherapy, or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), as indicated. The figure is reproduced from [54] based on a creative commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) and with permission of the original editor (Elsevier).