5fC	5-formylcytosine
ALK	anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene
BRAF	human gene that encodes a protein called B-Raf
CA-125	cancer/ carcinoma antigen 125, or carbohydrate antigen 125
CEA	carcinoembryonic antigen
cfDNA	cell-free DNA
cfRNA	cell-free RNA
CHIP	clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential
CI	confidence interval
CpG	dinucleotide DNA where a cytosine (C) nucleotide is followed by a guanine (G) nucleotide
CRC	colorectal cancer
CRPC	castrate-resistant prostate cancer
CSC	cancer stem cell
CSF	cerebrospinal fluid
CTC	circulating tumor cell
ctDNA	circulating tumor-derived DNA
DELFI	DNA evaluation of fragments for early interception
DFS	disease-free survival
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
EC	endometrial cancer
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
ER	estrogen receptor
ESMO	European Society for Medical Oncology
ET	end of treatment
EV	extracellular vesicle
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FTV	functional tumor volume
HER2	human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HR	hazard ratio
ICB	immune checkpoint blockade
KRAS	“Kirsten rat sarcoma virus” is a gene that provides instructions for making a protein called K-Ras
LB	liquid biopsy
mAb	monoclonal antibody
MRD	minimal residual disease
mRNA	messenger RNA
MSI	microsatellite instability
MT	middle of thetherapy
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
NAT	neoadjuvant therapy
NCCN	National Comprehensive Cancer Network
NCDB	National Cancer Database
NGS	next-generation sequencing
NSCLC	non-small-cell lung cancer
OC	ovarian cancer
OR	odds ratio
OS	overall survival
PCR	polymerase chain reaction
PFS	progression-free survival
PIK3CA	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha
PSA	prostate-specific antigen
RFS	relapse-free survival
RNA	ribonucleic acid
RT	radiotherapy
SCLC	small cell lung cancer
TEP	tumor-educated platelets
TET	ten-eleven translocation enzyme
TKI	tyrosine kinase inhibitor
TMB	tumor mutational burden
TNBC	triple-negative breast cancer
TP53	tumor protein p53
VAF	variant allele frequency