Table 3.
The included articles as designated by experimental design and health outcomes from studies with humans of all ages1
| Health outcomes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental design | Body composition | Cancer morbidity/mortality | CVD risk factors | CVD morbidity/mortality | Diabetes risk factors | Diabetes morbidity/mortality | Other |
| Total articles | 42 | 212 | 52 | 41 | 33 | 32 | 181 |
| OBS | 32 | 164 | 27 | 31 | 16 | 25 | 111 |
| Case-control | 5 | 93 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 19 |
| Nested case-control | 0 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Cohort | 8 | 56 | 12 | 20 | 6 | 18 | 37 |
| Cross-sectional | 19 | 8 | 14 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 54 |
| RCTs | 8 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 37 |
| Acute feeding | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 15 |
| Chronic feeding | 8 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 22 |
| NR/LRs | 1 | 18 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 13 |
| SRs | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| MAs | 1 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| SR/MAs | 0 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Other | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
1
CVD, cardiovascular disease; MA, meta-analysis; NR/LR, narrative review/literature review; OBS, observational study; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SR, systematic review; SR/MA, systematic review with meta-analysis.