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. 2022 Sep 3;13(6):2329–2340. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac072

TABLE 1.

PICOS inclusion and exclusion criteria of studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Asp/Ace-K blends on human appetite, blood glucose, and incretins1

PICOS Inclusion Exclusion
Population • Male and females, humans• Normal weight, overweight, obese2• >18 y old• Type 2 diabetes mellitus • Animals/cells• <18 y old• Other diagnosed chronic diseases
Intervention

Foods/beverages sweetened with

  • Asp and Ace-K

  • Asp and Ace-K and other NNSs

Foods/beverages sweetened without

  • Asp and Ace-K together
Comparisons

Foods/beverages with

  • Water

  • Sucrose

  • Glucose
Outcomes • Energy intake• Subjective appetite• Blood glucose• GLP-1• GIP
Study design • Randomized controlled trials• Laboratory/free-living• Acute (<1 d)• Chronic (>1 d) • Nonrandomized controlled trials• Observational/cohort studies
1

Ace-K, acesulfame-K; Asp, aspartame; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; NNS, nonnutritive sweetener.

2

As defined by the WHO guidelines (58).