TABLE 2.

Characteristics of studies that evaluated the effects of Asp/Ace-K blends on human energy intake, subjective appetite, blood glucose, GLP-1, and GIP when compared with sugar or water controls¹

Author (year)	Population2	Length	Methodology	Outcomes
Bonnet et al. (2018) (35)	n = 5028 F, 22 M28 NW, 22 O	Chronic	Crossover, free-living, 2 × 12-wk intervention period with 4-wk washout period in between, drink 2×/d:  A) 330 mL carbonated water B) 330 mL carbonated water with129 mg Asp and 13 mg Ace-K	• Energy intake per 24 h
Holt et al. (2000) (36)	n = 11MNW	Acute	Crossover, laboratory session; after consuming standardized breakfast at home, subjects arrived and consumed preload of 375 mL of 1 of the following: A) Plain carbonated mineral water  B) Sucrose soft drink (Coca-Cola®) C) Sugar-free soft drink (Asp/Ace-KCoca-Cola®)110 min to ad libitum lunch	• Energy intake per meal• Subjective appetite:hunger, fullness
Kim et al. (2020) (34)	n = 3926 F, 13 MNW, O, Ob	Chronic	Crossover, free-living, 2 wk, subjects allocated to consume 0.6 L/d of either A) Mineral water B) Artificially sweetened beveragewith Asp (144 mg/L) and Ace-K(211 mg/L)	• Blood glucosemeasured over 60 min
Olalde-Mendoza and Moreno-Gonzalez (2013) (39)	n = 8063 F, 17 MO, Ob3	Acute	Parallel, laboratory sessions, subjects allocated to either A) n = 40 had sucrose soft drink B) n = 40 diet Asp/Ace-K beverage	• Blood glucosemeasured over 30 min
Panahi et al. (2013) (32)	n = 2914F, 15 MNW	Acute	Crossover, laboratory sessions, 1-wk washout period; after consuming standardized breakfast at home, subjects given ad libitum intake of A) Water (control)  B) Regular cola (sucrose)  C) Diet cola (Asp/Ace-K) With ad libitum lunch	• Energy intake per meal• Subjective appetite:hunger, fullness, desireto eat• Blood glucosemeasured over 120 min
Solomi et al. (2019) (38)	N = 106F, 4 MNW	Acute	Crossover, laboratory session, subjects arrived fasted and given 1 of the following: A) 25 g glucose in 125 mL water+ 236 mL water B) 25 g glucose in 125 mL water+ 236 mL diet cola (Asp/Ace-K) C) 125 mL water + 236 mL cola (sucrose)	• Blood glucosemeasured over 120 min
Sylvetsky et al. (2016) (33)	n = 3117F, 14 MNW, O, Ob	Acute	Crossover, laboratory session, at least 1-wk washout period, subjects arrived fasted and given either A) 355 mL seltzer water  B) 355 mL caffeine-free Diet MountainDew® (57 mg Asp, 18 mg Ace-K, 18 mgsucralose) Prior to an oral glucose tolerance test	• Blood glucose• GLP-1• GIP• Measured over 130 min
Van Wymelbeke et al. (2004) (37)	n = 2412F, 12 MNW	Chronic	Crossover, free-living, 10 wk, subjects alternated mineral water sweetened with either A) Sucrose with orange or raspberry flavor B) Asp (20 mg/L), Ace-K (110 mg/L),saccharin (30 mg/L)	• Energy intake per 48 h• Subjective appetite:hunger

¹Ace-K, acesulfame-K; Asp, aspartame; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1.

²Sample size, sex, and weight status [normal weight (NW), obese (Ob), overweight (O)].

³Includes type 2 diabetes.